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benzyl alcohol
General Material Information
| Preferred name | benzyl alcohol |
| Trivial Name | Benzyl alcohol |
| Short Description | phenylmethyl alcohol |
| Formula | C7 H8 O |
| CAS Number | 100-51-6 |
| Deleted CAS Number | 1336-27-2 |
| FEMA Number | 2137 |
| FDA UNII | LKG8494WBH |
| Nikkaji Number | J4.009F |
| Beilstein Number | 0878307 |
| MDL | MFCD00004599 |
| COE Number | 58 |
| Bio Activity Summary | External link |
| NMR Predictor | External link |
| JECFA Food Flavoring | 25 benzyl alcohol |
| FDA Patent | No longer provide for the use of these seven synthetic flavoring substances |
| FDA Mainterm | 100-51-6 ; BENZYL ALCOHOL |
| Synonyms |
|
US / EU / FDA / JECFA / FEMA / Scholar / Patents
| Google Scholar | Start search |
| Google Books | Start search |
| Google Patents | Start search |
| Perfumer & Flavorists | Start search |
| EU Patents | Start search |
| PubMeb | Start search |
| NCBI | Start search |
Literature & References
| phenylmethanol | |
| NIST Chemistry WebBook: | Search Inchi |
| Canada Domestic Sub. List: | 100-51-6 |
| Pubchem (cid): | 244 |
| Pubchem (sid): | 134972706 |
| Flavornet: | 100-51-6 |
| Pherobase: | View |
Other Information
| (IUPAC): | Atomic Weights of the Elements 2011 (pdf) |
| Videos: | The Periodic Table of Videos |
| tgsc: | Atomic Weights use for this web site |
| (IUPAC): | Periodic Table of the Elements |
| FDA Substances Added to Food (formerly EAFUS): | View |
| FDA Indirect Additives used in Food Contact Substances: | View |
| CHEBI: | View |
| CHEMBL: | View |
| Golm Metabolome Database: | Search |
| Metabolomics Database: | Search |
| UM BBD: | Search |
| KEGG (GenomeNet): | C00556 |
| HMDB (The Human Metabolome Database): | HMDB03119 |
| FooDB: | FDB008745 |
| YMDB (Yeast Metabolome Database): | YMDB01426 |
| Export Tariff Code: | 2906.21.0000 |
| FDA Listing of Food Additive Status: | View |
| Typical G.C. | |
| VCF-Online: | VCF Volatile Compounds in Food |
| ChemSpider: | View |
| Wikipedia: | View |
Suppliers
PhysChem Properties
| Material listed in food chemical codex | Yes |
| Molecular weight | 108.13996124268 |
| Specific gravity | @ 25 °C |
| Pounds per Gallon | 8.662 to 8.704 |
| Specific gravity | @ 20 °C |
| Pounds per Gallon | 8.681 to 8.722 |
| Refractive Index | 1.5385 to 1.5405 @ 20 °C |
| Melting Point | -16 to -14°C @ 760 mm Hg |
| Boiling Point | 205 to 206°C @ 760 mm Hg |
| Boiling Point | 124 to 125°C @ 50 mm Hg |
| Acid Value | 0.5 max KOH/g |
| Vapor Pressure | 0.094 mmHg @ 25 °C |
| Vapor Density | 3.7 |
| Flash Point TCC Value | 96 °C TCC |
| logP (o/w) | 1.1 |
| Shelf life | 12 months (or longer if stored properly.) |
| Storage notes | Store in cool, dry place in tightly sealed containers, protected from heat and light. store under nitrogen. |
| Solubility | |
| ethyl alcohol, 1:1.5 in 50% alcohol | Yes |
| ethyl alcohol, 1:8-9 in 30% alcohol | Yes |
| most organic solvents | Yes |
| water, 1:25 in water | Yes |
| water, 4.29E+04 mg/L @ 25 °C (exp) | Yes |
| paraffin oil | No |
| Stability | |
| non-discoloring in most media | Unspecified |
Organoleptic Properties
| Odor Type: Floral | |
| floral, rose, phenolic, balsamic, sweet, fruity, chemical | |
| Odor strength | medium |
| Substantivity | 35 hour(s) at 100.00 % |
| Luebke, William tgsc, (1981) | At 100.00 %. floral rose phenolic balsamic |
| Mosciano, Gerard P&F 15, No. 4, 59, (1990) | Sweet, floral, fruity with chemical nuances |
| Flavor Type: Fruity | |
| chemical, fruity, cherry, almond, balsamic, bitter | |
| General comment | Chemical fruity cherry almond balsamic bitter |
| Mosciano, Gerard P&F 15, No. 4, 59, (1990) | At 50.00 ppm. Chemical, fruity with balsamic nuances |
Occurrences
| (data available) |
Potential Uses
| Applications | |
| Odor purposes | Acacia , Almond , Apple , Apricot , Berry , Blueberry , Bouquet , Bread baked bread , Butter , Cassia , Champaca , Cherry , Cinnamon , Clove , Coconut , Cranberry , Fig , Gardenia , Gingerbread , Grape , Honey , Honeysuckle , Hyacinth , Jasmin , Jonquil , Lavender , Leather , Lemon , Lilac , Lily of the valley , Melon , Narcissus , Orange , Orris , Peach , Pear , Peru balsam , Pina colada , Plum blossom , Popcorn , Pumpkin pie , Raspberry , Rose , Rose white rose , Spice , Strawberry , Tea green tea , Tuberose , Vanilla , Wallflower , Ylang ylang |
| Flavoring purposes | Bread crust , Chocolate cacao , Nut , Tea black tea , Walnut |
| Other purposes | Enhancer , Fixer |
| Cosmetic purposes | Perfuming agents , Preservatives , Solvents , Viscosity controlling agents |
Safety Information
Safety information
| Preferred SDS: View | |
| European information : | |
| Most important hazard(s): | |
| Xn - Harmful. | |
| R 20/22 - Harmful by inhalation and if swallowed. R 43 - May cause sensitisation by skin contact. S 02 - Keep out of the reach of children. S 02 - Keep out of the reach of children. S 26 - In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice. | |
| Hazards identification | |
| Classification of the substance or mixture | |
| GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS) | |
| Acute toxicity, Oral (Category 4), H302; Acute toxicity, Inhalation (Category 4), H332 Eye irritation (Category 2A), H319 Acute aquatic toxicity (Category 2), H401 | |
| GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements | |
| Pictogram |  |
| Signal word | Warning |
| Hazard statement(s) | |
| H302 + H332 - Harmful if swallowed or if inhaled H319 - Causes serious eye irritation H401 - Toxic to aquatic life | |
| Precautionary statement(s) | |
| P261 - Avoid breathing dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray. P264 - Wash skin thouroughly after handling. P270 - Do not eat, drink or smoke when using this product. P271 - Use only outdoors or in a well-ventilated area. P273 - Avoid release to the environment. P280 - Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection. P301 + P312 + P330 - IF SWALLOWED: Call a POISON CENTER or doctor/ physician if you feel unwell. Rinse mouth. P304 + P340 + P312 - IF INHALED: Remove person to fresh air and keep comfortable for breathing. Call a POISON CENTER or doctor/ physician if you feel unwell. P305 + P351 + P338 - IF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continue rinsing. P337 + P313 - IF eye irritation persists: Get medical advice/attention. P501 - Dispose of contents/ container to an approved waste disposal plant. | |
| Human Experience: | |
| 10 % solution: non-sensitising. | |
| Oral/Parenteral Toxicity: | |
| oral-rabbit LD50 1040 mg/kg (Graham & Kuizenga, 1945) oral-rat LD50 2979 mg/kg (Ciba-Geigy Corp., 1945) oral-rat LD50 2080 mg/kg (Graham & Kuizenga, 1945) gavage-rat LD50 [sex: M,F] 1230 mg/kg (Jenner et al., 1964) oral-rat LD50 [sex: M,F] 1570 mg/kg (Damment, 1980) oral-rat LD50 3100 mg/kg (Smyth et al., 1951a) gavage-mouse LD50 1580 mg/kg (Jenner et al., 1964) oral-mouse LD50 1150 mg/kg (Carter et al., 1958) oral-bird - wild LD50 100 mg/kg Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. Vol. 21, Pg. 315, 1972. intravenous-cat LDLo 625 mg/kg Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. Vol. 16, Pg. 1, 1920. intravenous-dog LDLo 50 mg/kg LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: DYSPNEA BEHAVIORAL: ATAXIA GASTROINTESTINAL: "HYPERMOTILITY, DIARRHEA" Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. Vol. 18, Pg. 60, 1971. parenteral-dog LDLo 9 mg/kg BEHAVIORAL: TREMOR LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: OTHER CHANGES Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. Vol. 25, Pg. 153, 1973. oral-guinea pig LD50 2500 mg/kg Gigiena i Sanitariya. For English translation, see HYSAAV. Vol. 50(7), Pg. 81, 1985. intraperitoneal-mouse LD50 650 mg/kg LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: DYSPNEA BEHAVIORAL: SOMNOLENCE (GENERAL DEPRESSED ACTIVITY) BEHAVIORAL: ALTERED SLEEP TIME (INCLUDING CHANGE IN RIGHTING REFLEX) Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. Vol. 75, Pg. 702, 1986. intravenous-mouse LD50 324 mg/kg Archives Internationales de Pharmacodynamie et de Therapie. Vol. 135, Pg. 330, 1962. oral-mouse LD50 1360 mg/kg Gigiena i Sanitariya. For English translation, see HYSAAV. Vol. 50(7), Pg. 81, 1985. oral-rabbit LD50 1040 mg/kg BEHAVIORAL: SOMNOLENCE (GENERAL DEPRESSED ACTIVITY) Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. Vol. 84, Pg. 358, 1945. | |
| Dermal Toxicity: | |
| skin-rabbit LD50 2000 mg/kg Raw Material Data Handbook, Vol.1: Organic Solvents, 1974. Vol. 1, Pg. 6, 1974. skin-cat LDLo 10000 mg/kg GASTROINTESTINAL: CHANGES IN STRUCTURE OR FUNCTION OF SALIVARY GLANDS BEHAVIORAL: MUSCLE WEAKNESS BEHAVIORAL: TREMOR Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. Vol. 84, Pg. 358, 1945. subcutaneous-rat LDLo 1700 mg/kg BEHAVIORAL: COMA KIDNEY, URETER, AND BLADDER: OTHER CHANGES SENSE ORGANS AND SPECIAL SENSES: MIOSIS (PUPILLARY CONSTRICTION): EYE Revue Medicale de la Suisse Romande. Vol. 15, Pg. 561, 1895. | |
| Inhalation Toxicity: | |
| inhalation-rat LCLo 1000 ppm/8H AMA Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Occupational Medicine. Vol. 4, Pg. 119, 1951. | |
Safety in use information
| Category: | |||
| flavor and fragrance agents, carrier solvents | |||
| IFRA Code of Practice Notification of the 49th Amendment to the IFRA Code of Practice | |||
| IFRA Critical Effect: | |||
| Dermal sensitization and systemic toxicity | |||
| View the IFRA Standard | |||
| View IFRA Standards Library for complete information. | |||
| Please review Amendment 49 IFRA documentation for complete information. | |||
| IFRA RESTRICTION LIMITS IN THE FINISHED PRODUCT (%): | |||
| Category 1: Products applied to the lips | |||
| 0.45 % | |||
| Category 2: Products applied to the axillae | |||
| 0.14 % | |||
| Category 3: Products applied to the face/body using fingertips | |||
| 0.34 % | |||
| Category 4: Products related to fine fragrance | |||
| 2.50 % | |||
| Category 5: Products applied to the face and body using the hands (palms), primarily leave-on | |||
| Category 5A: Body lotion products applied to the body using the hands (palms), primarily leave-on | |||
| 0.64 % | |||
| Category 5B: Face moisturizer products applied to the face using the hands (palms), primarily leave-on | |||
| 0.17 % | |||
| Category 5C: Hand cream products applied to the hands using the hands (palms), primarily leave-on | |||
| 0.34 % | |||
| Category 5D: Baby Creams, baby Oils and baby talc | |||
| 0.057 % | |||
| Category 6: Products with oral and lip exposure | |||
| 1.50 % | |||
| Category 7: Products applied to the hair with some hand contact | |||
| Category 7A: Rinse-off products applied to the hair with some hand contact | |||
| 0.68 % | |||
| Category 7B: Leave-on products applied to the hair with some hand contact | |||
| 0.68 % | |||
| Category 8: Products with significant anogenital exposure | |||
| 0.057 % | |||
| Category 9: Products with body and hand exposure, primarily rinse off | |||
| 2.20 % | |||
| Category 10: Household care products with mostly hand contact | |||
| Category 10A: Household care excluding aerosol products (excluding aerosol/spray products) | |||
| 2.20 % | |||
| Category 10B: Household aerosol/spray products | |||
| 8.50 % | |||
| Category 11: Products with intended skin contact but minimal transfer of fragrance to skin from inert substrate | |||
| Category 11A: Products with intended skin contact but minimal transfer of fragrance to skin from inert substrate without UV exposure | |||
| 0.057 % | |||
| Category 11B: Products with intended skin contact but minimal transfer of fragrance to skin from inert substrate with potential UV exposure | |||
| 0.057 % | |||
| Category 12: Products not intended for direct skin contact, minimal or insignificant transfer to skin | |||
| No Restriction | |||
| Notes: | |||
| IFRA FLAVOR REQUIREMENTS: | |||
Due to the possible ingestion of small amounts of fragrance ingredients from their use in products in Categories 1 and 6, materials must not only comply with IFRA Standards but must also be recognized as safe as a flavoring ingredient as defined by the IOFI Code of Practice (www.iofi.org). For more details see chapter 1 of the Guidance for the use of IFRA Standards. | |||
| Maximised Survey-derived Daily Intakes (MSDI-EU): | 13000.00 (μg/capita/day) | ||
| Maximised Survey-derived Daily Intakes (MSDI-USA): | 37000.00 (μg/capita/day) | ||
| Structure Class: | I | ||
| Use levels for FEMA GRAS flavoring substances on which the FEMA Expert Panel based its judgments that the substances are generally recognized as safe (GRAS). | |||
| The Expert Panel also publishes separate extensive reviews of scientific information on all FEMA GRAS flavoring substances and can be found at FEMA Flavor Ingredient Library | |||
| publication number: 3 | |||
| Click here to view publication 3 | |||
| average usual ppm | average maximum ppm | ||
| baked goods: | - | 220.00000 | |
| beverages(nonalcoholic): | - | 15.00000 | |
| beverages(alcoholic): | - | - | |
| breakfast cereal: | - | - | |
| cheese: | - | - | |
| chewing gum: | - | 1200.00000 | |
| condiments / relishes: | - | - | |
| confectionery froastings: | - | - | |
| egg products: | - | - | |
| fats / oils: | - | - | |
| fish products: | - | - | |
| frozen dairy: | - | 160.00000 | |
| fruit ices: | - | 160.00000 | |
| gelatins / puddings: | 21.00000 | 45.00000 | |
| granulated sugar: | - | - | |
| gravies: | - | - | |
| hard candy: | - | 47.00000 | |
| imitation dairy: | - | - | |
| instant coffee / tea: | - | - | |
| jams / jellies: | - | - | |
| meat products: | - | - | |
| milk products: | - | - | |
| nut products: | - | - | |
| other grains: | - | - | |
| poultry: | - | - | |
| processed fruits: | - | - | |
| processed vegetables: | - | - | |
| reconstituted vegetables: | - | - | |
| seasonings / flavors: | - | - | |
| snack foods: | - | - | |
| soft candy: | - | - | |
| soups: | - | - | |
| sugar substitutes: | - | - | |
| sweet sauces: | - | - | |
Safety references
| European Food Safety Athority(EFSA):Flavor usage levels; Subacute, Subchronic, Chronic and Carcinogenicity Studies; Developmental / Reproductive Toxicity Studies; Genotoxicity Studies... |
| European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) reference(s): |
| Opinion of the Scientific Panel on food additives, flavourings, processing aids and materials in contact with food (AFC) on a request from the Commission related to Flavouring Group Evaluation 20 (FGE.20): Benzyl alcohols, benzaldehydes, a related acetal, benzoic acids, and related esters from chemical group 23 View page or View pdf |
| Flavouring Group Evaluation 52 (FGE.52): Consideration of hydroxy- and alkoxy-substituted benzyl derivatives evaluated by JECFA (57th meeting) structurally related to benzyl alcohols, benzaldehydes, a related acetal, benzoic acids, and related esters evaluated by EFSA in FGE.20 (2005) (Commission Regulation (EC) No 1565/2000 of 18 July 2000) - Opinion of the Scientific Panel on Food Additives, Flavourings, Processing Aids and Materials in contact with Food (AFC) View page or View pdf |
| Flavouring Group Evaluation 54 (FGE.54)[1] - Consideration of benzyl derivatives evaluated by JECFA (57th meeting) structurally related to benzyl alcohols, benzaldehydes, a related acetal, benzoic acids and related esters evaluated by EFSA in FGE.20 (2005) - Scientific Opinion of the Panel on Food Additives, Flavourings, Processing Aids and Materials in Contact with Food View page or View pdf |
| Flavouring Group Evaluation 20, Revision 1 (FGE.20Rev1): Benzyl alcohols, benzaldehydes, a related acetal, benzoic acids and related esters from chemical group 23 View page or View pdf |
| Flavouring Group Evaluation 54, Revision 1 (FGE.54Rev1): Consideration of benzyl derivatives evaluated by JECFA (57th meeting) structurally related to benzyl alcohols, benzaldehydes, a related acetal, benzoic acids and related esters evaluated by EFSA in FGE.20Rev1 (2009) View page or View pdf |
| Scientific Opinion on Flavouring Group Evaluation 20, Revision 2 (FGE.20Rev2): Benzyl alcohols, benzaldehydes, a related acetal, benzoic acids, and related esters from chemical groups 23 and 30 View page or View pdf |
| Scientific Opinion on Flavouring Group Evaluation 20, Revision 3(FGE.20Rev3): Benzyl alcohols, benzaldehydes, a related acetal, benzoic acids, and related esters from chemical groups 23 and 30 View page or View pdf |
| Scientific Opinion on the evaluation of the substances currently on the list in the Annex to Commission Directive 96/3/EC as acceptable previous cargoes for edible fats and oils Part I of III View page or View pdf |
| EPI System: View |
| ClinicalTrials.gov:search |
| NIOSH International Chemical Safety Cards:search |
| Chemical Carcinogenesis Research Information System:Search |
| AIDS Citations:Search |
| Cancer Citations:Search |
| Toxicology Citations:Search |
| Carcinogenic Potency Database:Search |
| EPA GENetic TOXicology:Search |
| EPA Substance Registry Services (TSCA):100-51-6 |
| EPA ACToR:Toxicology Data |
| EPA Substance Registry Services (SRS):Registry |
| Laboratory Chemical Safety Summary :244 |
| National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases:Data |
| SCCNFP:opinion |
| WISER:UN 3334 |
| WGK Germany:1 |
| phenylmethanol |
| Chemidplus:0000100516 |
| EPA/NOAA CAMEO:hazardous materials |
| RTECS:100-51-6 |