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ethyl maltol
General Material Information
| Preferred name | ethyl maltol |
| Trivial Name | Ethyl maltol |
| Short Description | 3-hydroxy-2-ethyl-4H-pyran-4-one |
| Formula | C7 H8 O3 |
| CAS Number | 4940-11-8 |
| FEMA Number | 3487 |
| ECHA Number | 225-582-5 |
| FDA UNII | L6Q8K29L05 |
| Nikkaji Number | J35.389B |
| Beilstein Number | 1618110 |
| MDL | MFCD00059795 |
| COE Number | 692 |
| xLogP3-AA | 0.80 (est) |
| Bio Activity Summary | External link |
| NMR Predictor | External link |
| JECFA Food Flavoring | 1481 ethyl maltol |
| FDA Patent | No longer provide for the use of these seven synthetic flavoring substances |
| FDA Mainterm | 4940-11-8 ; ETHYL MALTOL |
| Synonyms |
|
US / EU / FDA / JECFA / FEMA / Scholar / Patents
| Google Scholar | Start search |
| Google Books | Start search |
| Google Patents | Start search |
| Perfumer & Flavorists | Start search |
| EU Patents | Start search |
| PubMeb | Start search |
| NCBI | Start search |
Literature & References
| 2-ethyl-3-hydroxypyran-4-one | |
| NIST Chemistry WebBook: | Search Inchi |
| Canada Domestic Sub. List: | 4940-11-8 |
| Pubchem (cid): | 21059 |
| Pubchem (sid): | 134985580 |
Other Information
| (IUPAC): | Atomic Weights of the Elements 2011 (pdf) |
| Videos: | The Periodic Table of Videos |
| tgsc: | Atomic Weights use for this web site |
| (IUPAC): | Periodic Table of the Elements |
| FDA Substances Added to Food (formerly EAFUS): | View |
| CHEMBL: | View |
| KEGG (GenomeNet): | C20362 |
| HMDB (The Human Metabolome Database): | HMDB31735 |
| FooDB: | FDB008403 |
| Export Tariff Code: | 2932.99.9090 |
| FDA Listing of Food Additive Status: | View |
| ChemSpider: | View |
| Wikipedia: | View |
Suppliers
PhysChem Properties
| Material listed in food chemical codex | Yes |
| Molecular weight | 140.13836669922 |
| Melting Point | 89 to 93°C @ 760 mm Hg |
| Boiling Point | 289 to 290°C @ 760 mm Hg |
| Vapor Pressure | 0.00022 mmHg @ 25 °C |
| Flash Point TCC Value | 93.33 °C TCC |
| logP (o/w) | 0.63 |
| Shelf life | 24 months (or longer if stored properly.) |
| Storage notes | Store in cool, dry place in tightly sealed containers, protected from heat and light. |
| Solubility | |
| alcohol, 12% | Yes |
| benzyl alcohol, 10% | Yes |
| phenethyl alcohol 5% | Yes |
| propylene glycol, 5.5% | Yes |
| water, 2.423e+004 mg/L @ 25 °C (est) | Yes |
Organoleptic Properties
| Odor Type: Caramellic | |
| sweet, caramellic, jammy, strawberry, cotton candy, berry, sugar | |
| Odor strength | high , recommend smelling in a 5.00 % solution or less |
| Substantivity | 360 hour(s) at 20.00 % in benzyl alcohol |
| Luebke, William tgsc, (1996) | At 5.00 % in benzyl alcohol. sweet caramel jam strawberry cotton candy |
| Mosciano, Gerard P&F 16, No. 1, 31, (1991) | Sweet sugary, caramellic, jammy, strawberry-like |
| Flavor Type: Caramellic | |
| sweet, sugar burnt sugar, cotton candy, jammy, strawberry | |
| Mosciano, Gerard P&F 16, No. 1, 31, (1991) | At 70.00 ppm. Sweet, burnt cotton sugar candy like, with jammy, strawberry notes |
| General comment | Strawberry, caramel |
Potential Uses
| Applications | |
| Odor purposes | Amber , Banana , Beeswax absolute replacer , Benzoin absolute replacer , Berry jam , Butterscotch , Cherry black cherry , Christmas , Coconut , Cotton candy , Date , Elder berry , Elder flower , Fenugreek , Fir balsam , Gingerbread , Graham cracker , Heliotrope , Honey , Honeysuckle , Immortelle , Incense , Labdanum , Licorice , Loganberry , Malt , Mango , Maple , Melon , Pineapple , Prune , Pumpkin pie , Raisin , Root beer , Strawberry , Sweet grass , Sweet pea , Toffee , Tonka bean , Valerian , Vanilla , Wallflower |
| Flavoring purposes | Barley , Benzoin absolute replacer , Bread , Butter rum , Cappuccino , Caramel , Chocolate cacao , Cookie , Cream ice cream , Durian , Egg nog , Fenugreek , Fruit punch , Fruit tropical fruit , Immortelle , Jackfruit , Marshmallow , Milk malted milk , Molasses , Praline , Sarsaparilla , Soda cream soda , Sugar brown sugar , Tropical , Valerian |
| Other purposes | Jam , Toasted |
| Cosmetic purposes | Fragrance , Perfuming agents |
Safety Information
Safety information
| Preferred SDS: View | |
| European information : | |
| Most important hazard(s): | |
| Xn - Harmful. | |
| R 22 - Harmful if swallowed. S 02 - Keep out of the reach of children. S 22 - Do not breath dust. S 24/25 - Avoid contact with skin and eyes. S 37/39 - Wear suitable gloves and eye/face protection. | |
| Hazards identification | |
| Classification of the substance or mixture | |
| GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS) | |
| Acute toxicity, Oral (Category 4), H302 | |
| GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements | |
| Pictogram |  |
| Signal word | Warning |
| Hazard statement(s) | |
| H302 - Harmful if swallowed | |
| Precautionary statement(s) | |
| P264 - Wash skin thouroughly after handling. P270 - Do not eat, drink or smoke when using this product. P301 + P312 - IF SWALLOWED: call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician IF you feel unwell. P330 - Rinse mouth. P501 - Dispose of contents/ container to an approved waste disposal plant. | |
| Human Experience: | |
| 10 % solution: no irritation or sensitization. | |
| Oral/Parenteral Toxicity: | |
| oral-rat LD50 1150 mg/kg Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. Vol. 15, Pg. 604, 1969. oral-mouse LD50 780 mg/kg Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. Vol. 15, Pg. 604, 1969. oral-chicken LD50 1270 mg/kg Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. Vol. 15, Pg. 604, 1969. | |
| Dermal Toxicity: | |
| skin-rabbit LD50 > 5000 mg/kg Food and Cosmetics Toxicology. Vol. 13, Pg. 805, 1975. subcutaneous-mouse LD50 910 mg/kg Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin. Vol. 22, Pg. 1008, 1974. | |
| Inhalation Toxicity: | |
| Not determined | |
Safety in use information
| Category: | |||
| flavor enhancers, flavoring agents | |||
| RIFM Fragrance Material Safety Assessment: Search | |||
| IFRA Code of Practice Notification of the 49th Amendment to the IFRA Code of Practice | |||
| Recommendation for ethyl maltol usage levels up to: | |||
| 4.0000 % in the fragrance concentrate. | |||
| Maximised Survey-derived Daily Intakes (MSDI-EU): | 1580.00 (μg/capita/day) | ||
| Maximised Survey-derived Daily Intakes (MSDI-USA): | 6692.00 (μg/capita/day) | ||
| Structure Class: | II | ||
| Use levels for FEMA GRAS flavoring substances on which the FEMA Expert Panel based its judgments that the substances are generally recognized as safe (GRAS). | |||
| The Expert Panel also publishes separate extensive reviews of scientific information on all FEMA GRAS flavoring substances and can be found at FEMA Flavor Ingredient Library | |||
| publication number: 10 | |||
| Click here to view publication 10 | |||
| average usual ppm | average maximum ppm | ||
| baked goods: | - | 152.00000 | |
| beverages(nonalcoholic): | - | 12.40000 | |
| beverages(alcoholic): | - | 18.60000 | |
| breakfast cereal: | - | - | |
| cheese: | - | - | |
| chewing gum: | - | 83.00000 | |
| condiments / relishes: | - | 15.00000 | |
| confectionery froastings: | - | 139.00000 | |
| egg products: | - | - | |
| fats / oils: | - | - | |
| fish products: | - | - | |
| frozen dairy: | - | 144.00000 | |
| fruit ices: | - | 144.00000 | |
| gelatins / puddings: | - | 119.00000 | |
| granulated sugar: | - | - | |
| gravies: | - | 19.60000 | |
| hard candy: | - | 27.90000 | |
| imitation dairy: | - | - | |
| instant coffee / tea: | - | - | |
| jams / jellies: | - | 15.00000 | |
| meat products: | - | 19.60000 | |
| milk products: | - | - | |
| nut products: | - | - | |
| other grains: | - | - | |
| poultry: | - | - | |
| processed fruits: | - | - | |
| processed vegetables: | - | - | |
| reconstituted vegetables: | - | - | |
| seasonings / flavors: | - | - | |
| snack foods: | - | - | |
| soft candy: | - | - | |
| soups: | - | 19.60000 | |
| sugar substitutes: | - | - | |
| sweet sauces: | - | - | |
Safety references
| European Food Safety Athority(EFSA):Flavor usage levels; Subacute, Subchronic, Chronic and Carcinogenicity Studies; Developmental / Reproductive Toxicity Studies; Genotoxicity Studies... |
| European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) reference(s): |
| Flavouring Group Evaluation 213: alpha,beta-Unsaturated alicyclic ketones and precursors from chemical subgroup 2.7 of FGE.19 View page or View pdf |
| Scientific Opinion on Flavouring Group Evaluation 83, Revision 1 (FGE.83Rev1): Consideration of ethyl maltol and two 6-keto-1,4-dioxane derivatives substances evaluated by JECFA (65th meeting) View page or View pdf |
| Scientific Opinion on Flavouring Group Evaluation 213, Revision 2 (FGE.213Rev2): Consideration of genotoxic potential for a,ß-unsaturated alicyclic ketones and precursors from chemical subgroup 2.7 of FGE.19 View page or View pdf |
| EPI System: View |
| AIDS Citations:Search |
| Cancer Citations:Search |
| Toxicology Citations:Search |
| EPA Substance Registry Services (TSCA):4940-11-8 |
| EPA ACToR:Toxicology Data |
| EPA Substance Registry Services (SRS):Registry |
| Laboratory Chemical Safety Summary :21059 |
| National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases:Data |
| WGK Germany:3 |
| 2-ethyl-3-hydroxypyran-4-one |
| Chemidplus:0004940118 |
| RTECS:UQ0840000 for cas# 4940-11-8 |