We have found 46590 results matching your criteria.
Please wait while we search...
  1. 1.
    General Material Information
  2. 2.
    PhysChem Properties
  3. 3.
    Occurrences
  4. 4.
    Organoleptic Properties
  5. 5.
    Suppliers
  6. 6.
    Potential Uses
  7. 7.
    Regulatory & Documentation
  8. 8.
    Safety Information
  9. 9.
    Other Information
  10. 10.
    Blenders & Components
  11. 11.
    Literature & References

butyraldehyde

Chemical Structure

General Material Information

Preferred name butyraldehyde
Trivial Name Butanal
Short Description N-butanal
Formula C4 H8 O
CAS Number 123-72-8
FEMA Number 2219
Flavis Number 5.003
ECHA Number 204-646-6
FDA UNII H21352682A
Nikkaji Number J2.501A
Beilstein Number 0506061
MDL MFCD00007023
COE Number 91
Bio Activity Summary External link
NMR Predictor External link
JECFA Food Flavoring 86 butyraldehyde
FDA Patent No longer provide for the use of these seven synthetic flavoring substances
FDA Mainterm 123-72-8 ; BUTYRALDEHYDE
Synonyms
  • aldehyde butyrique
  • aldeide butirrica
  • butal
  • butalyde
  • butan-1-al
  • butanal
  • 1-butanal
  • N- butanal
  • butyl aldehyde
  • N- butyl aldehyde
  • N- butylaldehyde
  • butyral
  • N- butyraldehyde
  • nat. butyraldehyde
  • butyraldehyde 99%, (naturals)
  • N- butyraldehyde FCC
  • butyraldehyde natural
  • N- butyraldehyde natural
  • butyraldehyde, dry
  • N- butyraldehyde, natural
  • butyric aldehyde
  • butyric aldehyde natural
  • butyrylaldehyde
  • Butaldehyde
  • n-Butyl aldehyde
  • n-Butyraldehyde
  • n-Butanal
  • Butanaldehyde
  • n-Butyric aldehyde
  • NSC 62779

US / EU / FDA / JECFA / FEMA / Scholar / Patents

Google Scholar Start search
Google Books Start search
Google Patents Start search
Perfumer & Flavorists Start search
EU Patents Start search
PubMeb Start search
NCBI Start search

Literature & References

butanal
NIST Chemistry WebBook:Search Inchi
Canada Domestic Sub. List:123-72-8
Pubchem (cid):261
Pubchem (sid):134974740
Flavornet:123-72-8
Pherobase:View
Publications by Info
Volatile Flavor Components in Bogyojosaeng and Suhong Cultivars of Strawberry (Fragaria ananassa Duch.)
Publications by PubMed
Evaluation of volatile aldehydes as discriminating parameters in quality vinegars with protected European geographical indication.
The Role of Hydroxyl Group Acidity on the Activity of Silica-Supported Secondary Amines for the Self-Condensation of n-Butanal.
Activation of the Keap1/Nrf2 pathway through covalent modification of the 2-alkenal group of aliphatic electrophiles in Coriandrum sativum L.
Quantitative analysis of volatile organic compounds released and consumed by rat L6 skeletal muscle cells in vitro.
In vitro determination of volatile compound development during starter culture-controlled fermentation of Cucurbitaceae cotyledons.
Effects of Pheromone and Plant Volatile Release Rates and Ratios on Trapping Anoplophora glabripennis (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) in China.
Development of a method for identification and accurate quantitation of aroma compounds in Chinese Daohuaxiang liquors based on SPME using a sol-gel fibre.
Diverse functional evolution of serine decarboxylases: identification of two novel acetaldehyde synthases that uses hydrophobic amino acids as substrates.
Predicted 3D structures of olfactory receptors with details of odorant binding to OR1G1.
Effect of extraction and concentration processes on properties of longan syrup.
Investigation of C3-C10 aldehydes in the exhaled breath of healthy subjects using selected ion flow tube-mass spectrometry (SIFT-MS).
OH-Initiated Photooxidations of 1-Pentene and 2-Methyl-2-propen-1-ol: Mechanism and Yields of the Primary Carbonyl Products.
Binding of aroma compounds with myofibrillar proteins modified by a hydroxyl-radical-induced oxidative system.
Volatile Organic Compounds during Inflammation and Sepsis in Rats: A Potential Breath Test Using Ion-mobility Spectrometry.
Investigation of volatile metabolites during growth of Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa by needle trap-GC-MS.
Analysis of Volatile Organic Compounds Liberated and Metabolised by Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells (HUVEC) In Vitro.
Reactions of the selected ion flow tube mass spectrometry reagent ions H3O(+) and NO(+) with a series of volatile aldehydes of biogenic significance.
Ethanol, isobutanol, and biohydrocarbons as gasoline components in relation to gaseous emissions and particulate matter.
Common gas phase molecules from fungi affect seed germination and plant health in Arabidopsis thaliana.
Transcriptome Profile Analysis of Saturated Aliphatic Aldehydes Reveals Carbon Number-Specific Molecules Involved in Pulmonary Toxicity.
Theoretical study of the gas-phase reactions of NO3 radical with a series of trans-2-unsaturated aldehydes: from acrolein to trans-2-octenal.
A synthetic O2 -tolerant butanol pathway exploiting native fatty acid biosynthesis in Escherichia coli.
Simulation of the breakthrough behavior of volatile organic compounds against sorbent tube sampler as a function of concentration level and sampling volume.
Synthesis of core-shell structured zeolite-A@mesoporous silica composites for butyraldehyde adsorption.
Use of solid-phase microextraction coupled to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for determination of urinary volatile organic compounds in autistic children compared with healthy controls.
Chemical characterization of Brickellia cavanillesii (Asteraceae) using gas chromatographic methods.
An exploration on the suitability of airborne carbonyl compounds analysis in relation to differences in instrumentation (GC-MS versus HPLC-UV) and standard phases (gas versus liquid).
Trends in bond dissociation energies of alcohols and aldehydes computed with multireference averaged coupled-pair functional theory.
Recent advances in thermal desorption-gas chromatography-mass spectrometery method to eliminate the matrix effect between air and water samples: application to the accurate determination of Henry's law constant.
Quality characteristics of a dry-cured lamb leg as affected by tumbling after dry-salting and processing time.
Metabolic responses of Lactobacillus plantarum strains during fermentation and storage of vegetable and fruit juices.
Combination of best promoter and micellar catalyst for chromic acid oxidation of 1-butanol to 1-butanal in aqueous media at room temperature.
Engineering of a butyraldehyde dehydrogenase of Clostridium saccharoperbutylacetonicum to fit an engineered 1,4-butanediol pathway in Escherichia coli.
Solid-phase polyethylene glycol conjugation using hydrophobic interaction chromatography.
One-step production of long-chain hydrocarbons from waste-biomass-derived chemicals using bi-functional heterogeneous catalysts.
Gaseous pollutants emitted from a mechanical biological treatment plant for municipal solid waste: odor assessment and photochemical reactivity.
The effect of feed solids concentration and inlet temperature on the flavor of spray dried whey protein concentrate.
Thermal decomposition products of butyraldehyde.
Non-methane volatile organic compounds predict odor emitted from five tunnel ventilated broiler sheds.
Impact of higher alcohols blended in gasoline on light-duty vehicle exhaust emissions.
Biophysically defined and cytocompatible covalently adaptable networks as viscoelastic 3D cell culture systems.
Synchrotron photoionization mass spectrometry measurements of product formation in low-temperature n-butane oxidation: toward a fundamental understanding of autoignition chemistry and n-C4H9 + O2/s-C4H9 + O2 reactions.
[Key enzymes in butanol fermentation by a facultative anaerobe Bacillus sp. TSH1].
Role of CYP2A13 in the bioactivation and lung tumorigenicity of the tobacco-specific lung procarcinogen 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone: in vivo studies using a CYP2A13-humanized mouse model.
Community dynamics of coagulase-negative staphylococci during spontaneous artisan-type meat fermentations differ between smoking and moulding treatments.
Release and uptake of volatile organic compounds by human hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HepG2) in vitro.
Characterization of a periplasmic quinoprotein from Sphingomonas wittichii that functions as aldehyde dehydrogenase.
Low-temperature combustion chemistry of n-butanol: principal oxidation pathways of hydroxybutyl radicals.
Highly efficient Michael-type addition of acetaldehyde to β-nitrostyrenes by whole resting cells of Escherichia coli expressing 4-oxalocrotonate tautomerase.
Volatile metabolites of pathogens: a systematic review.
Heteropolyacid-functionalized aluminum 2-aminoterephthalate metal-organic frameworks as reactive aldehyde sorbents and catalysts.
Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction for the high performance liquid chromatographic determination of aldehydes in cigarette smoke and injectable formulations.
Rhodium-catalyzed hydroformylation in fused azapolycycles synthesis.
Synthesis of renewable diesel with the 2-methylfuran, butanal and acetone derived from lignocellulose.
Effect of storage time and heat processing on the volatile profile of Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis Kaup, 1858) muscle.
Thirdhand smoke causes DNA damage in human cells.
Quality changes of Atlantic horse mackerel fillets (Trachurus trachurus) packed in a modified atmosphere at different storage temperatures.
Comparative analysis of two members of the metal ion-containing group III-alcohol dehydrogenases from Dickeya zeae.
Fluorescence lifetime analysis and effect of magnesium ions on binding of NADH to human aldehyde dehydrogenase 1.
Selective n-butanol production by Clostridium sp. MTButOH1365 during continuous synthesis gas fermentation due to expression of synthetic thiolase, 3-hydroxy butyryl-CoA dehydrogenase, crotonase, butyryl-CoA dehydrogenase, butyraldehyde dehydrogenase, and NAD-dependent butanol dehydrogenase.
Exposure to carbonyl compounds in charcoal production plants in Bahia, Brazil.
Novel CAD-like enzymes from Escherichia coli K-12 as additional tools in chemical production.
Exposure to hazardous volatile pollutants back diffusing from automobile exhaust systems.
Experimental approach to assess sorptive loss properties of volatile organic compounds in the sampling bag system.
Characterization of volatile metabolites taken up by or released from Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae by using GC-MS.
Thermochemistry of radicals formed by hydrogen abstraction from 1-butanol, 2-methyl-1-propanol, and butanal.
Functional characterization of SlscADH1, a fruit-ripening-associated short-chain alcohol dehydrogenase of tomato.
[Cloning and expression of key genes of butanol synthetic pathway in Escherichia coli].
Engineering a homobutanol fermentation pathway in Escherichia coli EG03.
Waterpipe smoking: the role of humectants in the release of toxic carbonyls.
The emission patterns of volatile organic compounds during aerobic biotreatment of municipal solid waste using continuous and intermittent aeration.
Substrate specificity, substrate channeling, and allostery in BphJ: an acylating aldehyde dehydrogenase associated with the pyruvate aldolase BphI.
A novel solid-phase site-specific PEGylation enhances the in vitro and in vivo biostabilty of recombinant human keratinocyte growth factor 1.
Development of a suicidal vector-cloning system based on butanal susceptibility due to an expression of YqhD aldehyde reductase.
Branching ratios for the reaction of selected carbonyl-containing peroxy radicals with hydroperoxy radicals.
ATP drives direct photosynthetic production of 1-butanol in cyanobacteria.
Novel approach to test the relative recovery of liquid-phase standard in sorbent-tube analysis of gaseous volatile organic compounds.
[Source emission characteristics of malodorous volatile organic carbonyls from a municipal sewage treatment plant].
Double stereodifferentiation in the catalytic asymmetric aziridination of imines prepared from α-chiral amines.
Solid-phase N-terminus PEGylation of recombinant human fibroblast growth factor 2 on heparin-sepharose column.
Comparison of the flavor chemistry and flavor stability of mozzarella and cheddar wheys.
Statistical thermodynamics of 1-butanol, 2-methyl-1-propanol, and butanal.
Determination of volatile aroma compounds of Ganoderma lucidum by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (HS-GC/MS).
Transverse approach between real world concentrations of SO2, NO2, BTEX, aldehyde emissions and corrosion in the Grand Mare tunnel.
Color, lipid oxidation, sensory quality, and aroma compounds of beef steaks displayed under different levels of oxygen in a modified atmosphere package.
Modulation of ethanol stress tolerance by aldehyde dehydrogenase in the mycorrhizal fungus Tricholoma vaccinum.
Acceleration of diabetic-wound healing with PEGylated rhaFGF in healing-impaired streptozocin diabetic rats.
Photochemistry and photophysics of n-butanal, 3-methylbutanal, and 3,3-dimethylbutanal: experimental and theoretical study.
Simple derivatization of aldehydes with D-cysteine and their determination in beverages by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.
Investigating the molecular determinants for substrate channeling in BphI-BphJ, an aldolase-dehydrogenase complex from the polychlorinated biphenyls degradation pathway.
Fatty acid composition, oxidative stability and sensory quality of meat from broiler chicken fed autolysate from bacteria grown on natural gas.
Metabolic engineering of Thermobifida fusca for direct aerobic bioconversion of untreated lignocellulosic biomass to 1-propanol.
Total synthesis of (+)-mupirocin H from D-glucose.
Online comprehensive two-dimensional characterization of puff-by-puff resolved cigarette smoke by hyphenation of fast gas chromatography to single-photon ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry: quantification of hazardous volatile organic compounds.
A better anti-diabetic recombinant human fibroblast growth factor 21 (rhFGF21) modified with polyethylene glycol.
Organocatalytic approach for the syntheses of corynantheidol, dihydrocorynantheol, protoemetinol, protoemetine, and mitragynine.
Morphological and chemical influences on alumina-supported palladium catalysts active for the gas phase hydrogenation of crotonaldehyde.
Determination of airborne carbonyls via pentafluorophenylhydrazine derivatisation by GC-MS and its comparison with HPLC method.
Rapid analysis of aldehydes by simultaneous microextraction and derivatization followed by GC-MS.
Sensory characteristics of spoilage and volatile compounds associated with bacteria isolated from cooked and peeled tropical shrimps using SPME-GC-MS analysis.
On the chemical kinetics of n-butanol: ignition and speciation studies.
Thirdhand smoke: a new dimension to the effects of cigarette smoke on the developing lung.
Synthesis and characterization of dendron cross-linked PEG hydrogels as corneal adhesives.
A novel capillary electrophoretic method for determining aliphatic aldehydes in food samples using 2-thiobarbituric acid derivatization.
[Level and characteristics of indoor air pollutants in a furniture mall in Beijing].
Effect of water activity on the production of volatile organic compounds by Muscodor albus and their effect on three pathogens in stored potato.
Simple and automatic determination of aldehydes and acetone in water by headspace solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.
Simplification of a complex microbial antilisterial consortium to evaluate the contribution of its flora in uncooked pressed cheese.
Oxidative stability and sensory quality of meat from broiler chickens fed a bacterial meal produced on natural gas.
Ambient levels of atmospheric carbonyls in Beijing during the 2008 Olympic Games.
Influence of heating time and metal ions on the amount of free fatty acids and formation rates of selected carbonyl compounds during the thermal oxidation of canola oil.
Atmospheric chemistry of i-butanol.
A combined application of thermal desorber and gas chromatography to the analysis of gaseous carbonyls with the aid of two internal standards.
Pyridylhydrazone-based PEGylation for pH-reversible lipopolyplex shielding.
An easy and efficient fluorescent method for detecting aldehydes and its application in biotransformation.
Nucleophilic addition to 2,3-disubstituted butanal derivatives and their application to natural product synthesis.
YqhD: a broad-substrate range aldehyde reductase with various applications in production of biorenewable fuels and chemicals.
Ultrasensitive detection of malondialdehyde with surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy.
Catalytic reactive distillation process development for 1,1 diethoxy butane production from renewable sources.
Effect of the commercial ripening stage and postharvest storage on microbial and aroma changes of 'Ambrunés' sweet cherries.
Explosion characteristics of flammable organic vapors in nitrous oxide atmosphere.
Freshness characterisation of whiting (Merlangius merlangus) using an SPME/GC/MS method and a statistical multivariate approach.
Seasonal and diurnal variations of carbonyl compounds in the urban atmosphere of Guangzhou, China.
Selected ion flow tube-mass spectrometry for absolute quantification of aroma compounds in the headspace of dry fermented sausages.
Characterization of flavor of whey protein hydrolysates.
Effects of lipase, lipoxygenase, peroxidase and free fatty acids on volatile compound found in boiled buckwheat noodles.
Sorptive removal of odorous carbonyl gases by water.
How big is the gap between olfactory detection and recognition of aliphatic aldehydes?
Glycerol acetals as anti-freezing additives for biodiesel.
Odor detection by humans of lineal aliphatic aldehydes and helional as gauged by dose-response functions.
Optimization and comparison of HPLC and RRLC conditions for the analysis of carbonyl-DNPH derivatives.
Improvement of water barrier property of paperboard by coating application with biodegradable polymers.
Formation of carcinogens indoors by surface-mediated reactions of nicotine with nitrous acid, leading to potential thirdhand smoke hazards.
Efficiency and products investigations on the ozonation of 2-methylisoborneol in drinking water.
Exploiting cell-free systems: Implementation and debugging of a system of biotransformations.
Geobacillus sp., a thermophilic soil bacterium producing volatile antibiotics.
Low-temperature catalytic oxidation of aldehyde mixtures using wood fly ash: kinetics, mechanism, and effect of ozone.
Experimental demonstration of masking phenomena between competing odorants via an air dilution sensory test.
Attraction of Anoplophora glabripennis to male-produced pheromone and plant volatiles.
Enhancement of 5-aminopenta-2,4-dienals electrophilicity via activation by O,N-bistrifluoroacetylation. application to an N-acyl Pictet-Spengler reaction.
Metabolomics reveals alterations in both primary and secondary metabolites by wine bacteria.
Structural identification of Diindole agonists of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor derived from degradation of indole-3-pyruvic acid.
Breath gas aldehydes as biomarkers of lung cancer.
A liquid chromatographic method optimization for the assessment of low and high molar mass carbonyl compounds in wines.
A proteomic and transcriptomic view of amino acids catabolism in the yeast Yarrowia lipolytica.
Degradation of hexane and other recalcitrant hydrocarbons by a novel isolate, Rhodococcus sp. EH831.
Thermal behavior characteristics of Adhesive residue.
[Indoor air guideline values for saturated acyclic aliphatic C4-C11 aldehydes].
Energy barriers for the addition of H, *CH3, and *C2H5 to *CH2=CHX [X = H, CH3, OH] and for H-atom addition to RCH=O [R = H, CH3, *C2H5, n-C3H7]: implications for the gas-phase chemistry of enols.
Atmospheric chemistry of n-butanol: kinetics, mechanisms, and products of Cl atom and OH radical initiated oxidation in the presence and absence of NO(x).
Quantification of volatile compounds in goat milk Jack cheese using static headspace gas chromatography.
Levels, sources, and health risks of carbonyls in residential indoor air in Hangzhou, China.
Organocatalytic synthesis and sterol 14alpha-demethylase binding interactions of enantioriched 3-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)butyl benzoates.
Analysis of the promoter activities of the genes encoding three quinoprotein alcohol dehydrogenases in Pseudomonas putida HK5.
Smokers of menthol and nonmenthol cigarettes exhibit similar levels of biomarkers of smoke exposure.
Surface-catalysed reactions on pollutant-removing building products for indoor use.
Volatile compounds in dry-cured Serrano ham subjected to high pressure processing. Effect of the packaging material.
A wavelength and lifetime responsive cryptate-containing fluorescent probe for zinc ions in water.
Branched chain aldehydes: production and breakdown pathways and relevance for flavour in foods.
Degradation of tert-butyl formate and its intermediates by an ozone/UV process.
Oxidative C-C bond cleavage of primary alcohols and vicinal diols catalyzed by H5PV2Mo10O40 by an electron transfer and oxygen transfer reaction mechanism.
Simultaneous determination of derivatized light aldehydes by microchip electrophoresis with electrochemical detection.
Methods for increasing nitrile biotransformation into amides using Mesorhizobium sp.
Reagentless amperometric formaldehyde-selective biosensors based on the recombinant yeast formaldehyde dehydrogenase.
Amine-reactive pyridylhydrazone-based PEG reagents for pH-reversible PEI polyplex shielding.
Impact of sampling procedures on the results of breath analysis.
Determination of carbonyl compounds in the atmosphere of charcoal plants by HPLC and UV detection.
Influence of time, surface-to-volume ratio, and heating process (continuous or intermittent) on the emission rates of selected carbonyl compounds during thermal oxidation of palm and soybean oils.
Estimation and characterisation of budesonide tablets impurities.
Effects of deep-bedded finishing system on market pig performance, composition and pork quality.
Influences of sampling volume and sample concentration on the analysis of atmospheric carbonyls by 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine cartridge.
Gas chromatographic determination of carbonyl compounds in biological and oil samples by headspace single-drop microextraction with in-drop derivatisation.
cis-(9S,10S)-Methyl 1-propyl-1,2,3,4-tetra-hydro-β-carboline-3-carboxyl-ate.
Measurements of lower carbonyls and hydrocarbons at Ny-Alesund, Svalbard.
Expression of Clostridium acetobutylicum butanol synthetic genes in Escherichia coli.
The pollution status of atmospheric carbonyls in a highly industrialized area.
Behavioural responses of Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) to volatiles identified from dry cocoa beans.
OdorMapComparer: an application for quantitative analyses and comparisons of fMRI brain odor maps.
Investigation of carbonyl compounds in air from various industrial emission sources.
Complete degradation of butyl benzyl phthalate by a defined bacterial consortium: role of individual isolates in the assimilation pathway.
McLafferty rearrangement of the radical cations of butanal and 3-fluorobutanal: a theoretical investigation of the concerted and stepwise mechanisms.
[Determination of major carbonyls in mainstream smoke by rapid column high performance liquid chromatography].
Effect of cysteine and cystine addition on sensory profile and potent odorants of extruded potato snacks.
Applicability of fiber-optic-based Raman probes for on-line reaction monitoring of high-pressure catalytic hydrogenation reactions.
Synthesis of [60]fullerene acetals and ketals: reaction of [60]fullerene with aldehydes/ketones and alkoxides.
Acrolein inhibits cytokine gene expression by alkylating cysteine and arginine residues in the NF-kappaB1 DNA binding domain.
Oral squamous cell carcinoma associated with khat chewing.
Determination of carbonyl compounds in the atmosphere by DNPH derivatization and LC-ESI-MS/MS detection.
Quantitation of selected odor-active constituents in dry fermented sausages prepared with different curing salts.
Highly efficient cyclization of o-iodobenzoates with aldehydes catalyzed by cobalt bidentate phosphine complexes: a novel entry to chiral phthalides.
Purification and characterization of an iron-containing alcohol dehydrogenase in extremely thermophilic bacterium Thermotoga hypogea.
In situ bioremediation of nitrate and perchlorate in vadose zone soil for groundwater protection using gaseous electron donor injection technology.
Asymmetric suppression of components in binary aldehyde mixtures: behavioral studies in the laboratory rat.
Enthalpies of formation, bond dissociation energies, and molecular structures of the n-aldehydes (acetaldehyde, propanal, butanal, pentanal, hexanal, and heptanal) and their radicals.
Effect of molecular size of PEGylated recombinant human epidermal growth factor on the biological activity and stability in rat wound tissue.
Use of inverse gas chromatography to account for the pervaporation performance in monitoring the oxidation of primary alcohols.
Polymer-mediated extraction of the fluorescent compounds derived by Hantzsch reaction with dimedone for the sensitive determination of aliphatic aldehydes in air.
Enhanced nutty flavor formation in cheddar cheese made with a malty Lactococcus lactis adjunct culture.
Screening the oxidative potential of several mono- and di-halogenated biphenyls and biphenyl ethers in rat hepatocytes.
Model studies on the efficacy of protein homogenates from raw pork muscle and dry-cured ham in binding selected flavor compounds.
New coupling reaction of secondary amines, aldehydes, and alkynes catalyzed by an iridium complex.
Secondary organic aerosol formation by heterogeneous reactions of aldehydes and ketones: a quantum mechanical study.
Softening of cattle hoof soles and swelling of heel horn by environmental agents.
Application of lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation biomarkers for oxidative damage in mammalian cells. A comparison with two fluorescent probes.
Mechanistic studies of choline oxidase with betaine aldehyde and its isosteric analogue 3,3-dimethylbutyraldehyde.
Experimental preparation and UV/IR spectroscopic characterization of 1,3-dibutanal-1,2,4,5-tetroxane.
Uptake of the tobacco-specific lung carcinogen 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone by Moldovan children.
Study on the base-catalyzed reverse vinylogous aldol reaction of (4abeta,5beta)-4,4a,5,6,7,8-hexahydro-5-hydroxy-1,4a-dimethylnaphthalen-2(3H)-one under Robinson annulation conditions.
Characterization of volatile compounds in chilled cod (Gadus morhua) fillets by gas chromatography and detection of quality indicators by an electronic nose.
Headspace single-drop microextraction with in-drop derivatization for aldehyde analysis.
Pathways in the degradation of hydrolyzed alcohols of butyl benzyl phthalate in metabolically diverse Gordonia sp. strain MTCC 4818.
Olfactory sensitivity for aliphatic aldehydes in CD-1 mice.
Olfactory sensitivity for aliphatic alcohols and aldehydes in spider monkeys (Ateles geoffroyi).
Volatile carbonylic compounds in downtown Santiago, Chile.
Identification of potent odorants formed during the preparation of extruded potato snacks.
Product and product-independent induction of butane oxidation in Pseudomonas butanovora.
Analysis of aroma and phenolic components of selected Achillea species.
[Pollution survey of carbonyl compounds in train air].
Adsorptive stripping voltammetric technique for the rapid determination of tobramycin on the hanging mercury electrode.
PEGylation of octreotide: II. Effect of N-terminal mono-PEGylation on biological activity and pharmacokinetics.
Gas-phase reactivity of heterobinuclear oxometalate anions [CrMoO6(OR)]-, [CrWO6(OR)]-, and [MoWO6(OR)]- (R = H, nBu).
Evaluation of a multi-parameter biomarker set for oxidative damage in man: increased urinary excretion of lipid, protein and DNA oxidation products after one hour of exercise.
Catalytic reductive alkylation of secondary amine with aldehyde and silane by an iridium compound.
Structural characterization of an etheno-2'-deoxyguanosine adduct modified by tetrahydrofuran.
Measurements of carbonyls in a 13-story building.
Kinetic properties of native and mutagenized isoforms of mitochondrial alcohol dehydrogenase III purified from Kluyveromyces lactis.
On-line analysis of diesel engine exhaust gases by selected ion flow tube mass spectrometry.
Degradation of tert-butyl alcohol in dilute aqueous solution by an O3/UV process.
An imaging-based approach to identify ligands for olfactory receptors.
Production of volatile compounds by Fuji apples following exposure to high CO2 or low O2.
Controlled production of Camembert-type cheeses. Part II. Changes in the concentration of the more volatile compounds.
Influence of irradiation and storage on the quality of ready-to-eat turkey breast rolls.
Characterization of nutty flavor in cheddar cheese.
Reaction of tributyl phosphite with oxidized iron: surface and tribological chemistry.
Development of a headspace GC/MS analysis for carbonyl compounds (aldehydes and ketones) in household products after derivatization with o-(2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorobenzyl)hydroxylamine.
Reduced calcification of bioprostheses, cross-linked via an improved carbodiimide based method.
Zn-, Cd-, and Pb-transcription factor IIIA: properties, DNA binding, and comparison with TFIIIA-finger 3 metal complexes.
Ambient, indoor and personal exposure relationships of volatile organic compounds in Mexico City Metropolitan Area.
In vivo imaging of neuronal activity by targeted expression of a genetically encoded probe in the mouse.
Volatile compounds produced in cheese by Enterobacteriaceae strains of dairy origin.
NTP technical report on the toxicity studies of Butanal oxime (CAS No. 110-69-0) administered in drinking water and by gavage to F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice.
Gas-phase kinetics and mechanism of the reactions of protonated hydrazine with carbonyl compounds. Gas-phase hydrazone formation: kinetics and mechanism.
Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry of carbonyl compounds in cigarette mainstream smoke after derivatization with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine.
Determination of airborne carbonyls: comparison of a thermal desorption/GC method with the standard DNPH/HPLC method.
Characterization and development of two reporter gene systems for Clostridium acetobutylicum.
Volatiles in a sausage surface model-influence of Penicillium nalgiovense, Pediococcus pentosaceus, ascorbate, nitrate and temperature.
Antioxidative effects of glycosyl-ascorbic acids synthesized by maltogenic amylase to reduce lipid oxidation and volatiles production in cooked chicken meat.
Changes in macroscopic viscosity do not affect the release of aroma aldehydes from a pectinaceous food model system of low sucrose content.
Tungsten-containing aldehyde oxidoreductase of Eubacterium acidaminophilum.
Stereospecific Pd(0)-catalyzed arylation of an allylic hydroxy phosphonate derivative: formal synthesis of (S)-(+)-ar-turmerone.
Synthesis and properties of rhenium carbonyl complexes of alpha,alpha'-bis[(1-pyrenyl)pyrazol-1-yl]alkane ligands.
Migration of volatile degradation products into ozonated water from plastic packaging materials.
3,3',5,5'-tetramethyl-N-(9-anthrylmethyl)benzidine: a dual-signaling fluorescent reagent for optical sensing of aliphatic aldehydes.
Absolute asymmetric synthesis of "chiral-at-metal" Grignard reagents and transfer of the chirality to carbon.
Dendritic stability in the adult olfactory bulb.
Determination of 3-n-butylphthalide in rabbit plasma by HPLC with fluorescence detection and its application in pharmacokinetic study.
Carbonyl compounds in the urban environment of Athens, Greece.
Olfactory sensitivity for aliphatic aldehydes in squirrel monkeys and pigtail macaques.
Antiinflammatory property of 3-aryl-5-(n-propyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazoles and antimicrobial property of 3-aryl-5-(n-propyl)-4,5-dihydro-1,2,4-oxadiazoles: their syntheses and spectroscopic studies.
Insertion of carbon fragments into P(III)-N bonds in aminophosphines and aminobis(phosphines): synthesis, reactivity, and coordination chemistry of resulting phosphine oxide derivatives. Crystal and molecular structures of (Ph(2)P(O)CH(2))(2)NR (R = Me, (n)Pr, (n)Bu), Ph(2)P(O)CH(OH)(n)()Pr, and cis-[MoO(2)Cl(2)((Ph(2)P(O)CH(2))(2)NEt-kappaO,kappaO)].
NTP Toxicology and Carcinogenesis Studies of Isobutyraldehyde (CAS No. 78-84-2) in F344/N Rats and B6C3F1 Mice (Inhalation Studies).
In vitro metabolism of fenthion and fenthion sulfoxide by liver preparations of sea bream, goldfish, and rats.
Carbonyl levels in indoor and outdoor air in Mexico City and Xalapa, Mexico.
Photodegradation of RDX in aqueous solution: a mechanistic probe for biodegradation with Rhodococcus sp.
Monoterpene emissions and carbonyl compound air concentrations during the blooming period of rape (Brassica napus).
Effects of environmental factors on leucine catabolism by Carnobacterium piscicola.
[Changes in the level of short-chain volatile fatty acids and their aldehydes in oral air and fluid during inflammation of oral tissues].
Microbiological and fermentation characteristics of togwa, a Tanzanian fermented food.
Effects of volatile aromatics, aldehydes, and phenols in tobacco smoke on viability and proliferation of mouse lymphocytes.
Quality characteristics of irradiated ready-to-eat breast rolls from turkeys fed conjugated linoleic acid.
Characterization of Ypr1p from Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a 2-methylbutyraldehyde reductase.
Identification of distinctive volatile compounds in fish sauce.
Development of a headspace solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method for the identification of odour-causing volatile compounds in packaging materials.
Purification and characterization of aminobutyraldehyde dehydrogenase from Arthrobacter Sp. TMP-1.
Roles for the two 1-butanol dehydrogenases of Pseudomonas butanovora in butane and 1-butanol metabolism.
Photocatalytic oxidation of volatile organic compounds using fluorescent visible light.
Stimulatory beetle volatiles for the Asian longhorned beetle, Anoplophora glabripennis (Motschulsky).
Emissions of aldehydes and ketones from a two-stroke engine using ethanol and ethanol-blended gasoline as fuel.
FTIR kinetic, product, and modeling study of the OH-initiated oxidation of 1-butanol in air.
Transcriptional regulation of solventogenesis in Clostridium acetobutylicum.
Control of butanol formation in Clostridium acetobutylicum by transcriptional activation.
Photocatalytic oxidation of heptane in the gas-phase over TiO2.
Molecular characterization and transcriptional analysis of adhE2, the gene encoding the NADH-dependent aldehyde/alcohol dehydrogenase responsible for butanol production in alcohologenic cultures of Clostridium acetobutylicum ATCC 824.
Atmospheric secondary aerosol formation by heterogeneous reactions of aldehydes in the presence of a sulfuric acid aerosol catalyst.
Volatiles, color, and lipid oxidation of broiler breast fillets irradiated before and after cooking.
Effects of aldehyde dehydrogenase-2 genetic polymorphisms on metabolism of structurally different aldehydes in human liver.
Synthesis of beta-D-Galactosyl Ceramide Methylene Isostere.
Anti-1,3-diols by Addition of Dialkylzinc Reagents to 4-Acetoxy-1,3-dioxanes.
Reactions of 3-(1-Hydroxyalkyl)phthalides with Acids: Synthesis of (Z)-3-Alkylidenephthalides and 3-Alkyl-8-hydroxyisocoumarins.
Chiroptical Properties of the Ketene and Diazo Chromophores. 1. Conformation and Optical Activity of 1-Alken-1-ones and 1-Diazoalkanes vs Aldehydes.
Comparison of the omega-transaminases from different microorganisms and application to production of chiral amines.
Identification of 3,4-dihydroxy-2-oxo-butanal (L-threosone) as an intermediate compound in oxidative degradation of dehydro-L-ascorbic acid and 2,3-diketo-L-gulonic acid in a deuterium oxide phosphate buffer.
Rate constant dependence on the size of aldehydes in the NO(3) + aldehydes reaction. An explanation via quantum chemical calculations and CTST.
Determination of carbonyl compounds in air by electrochromatography.
Odor exposure causes central adaptation and morphological changes in selected olfactory glomeruli in Drosophila.
Determination of aldehydes and ketones in air samples using cryotrapping sampling.
Induction of butane consumption in Pseudomonas butanovora.
Elucidation of reaction scheme describing malondialdehyde-acetaldehyde-protein adduct formation.
Elisa to quantify hexanal-protein adducts in a meat model system.
Determination of aldehydes in fish by high-performance liquid chromatography.
Headspace analysis of engine oil by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry.
Proteolysis and formation of volatile compounds in cheese manufactured with a bacteriocin-producing adjunct culture.
Endogenous formation of protein adducts with carcinogenic aldehydes: implications for oxidative stress.
Jet-Cooled Multiphoton Ionization Spectroscopy of the iso-Butanal 3s<--n Rydberg Transition.
Total synthesis of (-)-incrustoporin.
Characterization of formaldehyde by gas chromatography using multiple pulsed-discharge photoionization detectors and a flame ionization detector.
[Volatile compounds in air and oral saliva in healthy people, and in periodontitis and gingivitis patients].
Prevention of acetaminophen-induced liver toxicity by 2(R,S)-n-propylthiazolidine-4(R)-carboxylic acid in mice.
Aldehyde reactivity with 2-thiobarbituric acid and TBARS in freeze-dried beef during accelerated storage.
Synthesis of conformationally constrained 5,6,7, 8-Tetrahydroimidazo[1,5-a]pyridine inhibitors of farnesyltransferase.
A four-step enzymatic cascade for the one-pot synthesis of non-natural carbohydrates from glycerol.
Unknown bisethylisooctanollactone isomers in industrial waste water. Isolation, identification and occurrence in surface water.
Response of urinary lipophilic aldehydes and related carbonyl compounds to factors that stimulate lipid peroxidation in vivo.
Experimental evidence for the formation of a complex between butyryl coenzyme A dehydrogenase and the 'electron transferring flavoprotein', ETF.
Cloning and sequencing of the gene encoding an aldehyde dehydrogenase that is induced by growing Alteromonas sp. Strain KE10 in a low concentration of organic nutrients.
Airborne aldehydes from heating rosin core solder and liquid rosin flux to soldering temperatures.
Family approach for estimating reference concentrations/doses for series of related organic chemicals.
Iso-mechanism of nitroalkane oxidase: 1. Inhibition studies and activation by imidazole.
Emission characteristics of VOCs from athletic tracks.
Isomerization of Aldehydes Catalyzed by Rhodium(I) Olefin Complexes.
Lysyl oxidase coupled with catalase in egg shell membrane.
The ald gene, encoding a coenzyme A-acylating aldehyde dehydrogenase, distinguishes Clostridium beijerinckii and two other solvent-producing clostridia from Clostridium acetobutylicum.
Factors influencing leucine catabolism by a strain of Staphylococcus carnosus.
Characterization of compost biofiltration media.
Olfactory discrimination ability for homologous series of aliphatic alcohols and aldehydes.
Enzymatic resolution of (+/-)-gamma-cyclohomogeraniol and conversion of its (S)-isomer to (S)-gamma-coronal, the ambergris odorant.
Peptidyl beta-homo-aspartals (3-amino-4-carboxybutyraldehydes): new specific inhibitors of caspases.
Lipophilic aldehydes and related carbonyl compounds in rat and human urine.
Butane metabolism by butane-grown 'Pseudomonas butanovora'.
Activities of human alcohol dehydrogenases in the metabolic pathways of ethanol and serotonin.
Examination of physiological and molecular factors involved in enhanced solvent production by clostridium beijerinckii BA101
Volatile compounds of dry-cured Iberian ham as affected by the length of the curing process.
Genetic manipulation of acid and solvent formation in clostridium acetobutylicum ATCC 824
Cytotoxic effects of 2-butoxyethanol in vitro are related to butoxyacetaldehyde, an intermediate oxidation product.
Observation of a new nonfluorescent malondialdehyde-acetaldehyde-protein adduct by 13C NMR spectroscopy.
The Microwave Spectrum of n-Butyraldehyde Oxime.
Disposition of butanal oxime in rat following oral, intravenous and dermal administration.
Porcine kidney betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase: purification and properties.
Different DNA damaging species as a result of oxidation of n-butyraldehyde and iso-butyraldehyde by Cu(II).
Urinary excretion of biomarkers of oxidative kidney damage induced by ferric nitrilotriacetate.
Formation of amino acid (L-leucine, L-phenylalanine) derived volatile flavour compounds by Moraxella phenylpyruvica and Staphylococcus xylosus in cured meat model systems.
Production of fermented milk using a malty compound-producing strain of Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis biovar. diacetylactis, isolated from Zimbabwean naturally fermented milk.
Nasal pungency and odor of homologous aldehydes and carboxylic acids.
The effectiveness of Salmonella strains TA100, TA102 and TA104 for detecting mutagenicity of some aldehydes and peroxides.
Evaluation of urinary biomarkers for radical-induced liver damage in rats treated with carbon tetrachloride.
6 alpha-Fluoro- and 6 alpha,9 alpha-difluoro-11 beta,21-dihydroxy-16 alpha,17 alpha-propylmethylenedioxypregn-4-ene-3,20-dione: synthesis and evaluation of activity and kinetics of their C-22 epimers.
Evidence for cytochrome P450 2A6 and 3A4 as major catalysts for N'-nitrosonornicotine alpha-hydroxylation by human liver microsomes.
Simultaneous determination of eight lipid peroxidation degradation products in urine of rats treated with carbon tetrachloride using gas chromatography with electron-capture detection.
Dried sausages fermented with staphylococcus xylosus at different temperatures and with different ingredient levels. Part IV. Amino acid profile.
[A gas chromatographic method for determination of Butyraldehyde as a product of butanol biotransformation in rat liver].
Destruction of rat pancreatic islet beta-cells by cytokines involves the production of cytotoxic aldehydes.
Aldehyde dismutase activity of human liver alcohol dehydrogenase.
Gaseous aliphatic aldehydes in smoke from burning raw materials of Chinese joss sticks.
Chemical pollutants in X-ray film processing departments.
Fluorimetric flow-injection analysis of total amounts of aldehydes in auto exhaust gas and thermal degradation emission gas with cyclohexane-1,3-dione.
Aldehyde dehydrogenase from adult human brain that dehydrogenates gamma-aminobutyraldehyde: purification, characterization, cloning and distribution.
DNA single and double strand breaks induced by aliphatic and aromatic aldehydes in combination with copper (II).
Effect of a Phosphazene Base on the Diastereoselectivity of Addition of alpha-Sulfonyl Carbanions to Butyraldehyde and Isopropylideneglyceraldehyde.
Identification of the cytochrome P450 isozymes involved in the metabolism of N-nitrosodipropyl-,N-nitrosodibutyl- and N-nitroso-n-butyl-n-propylamine.
Flavor and texture characteristics of low fat ground beef patties formulated with whey protein concentrate.
[Synthesis of optically active (R)- and (S)-tai-ding-an(TDA) and their anti-HSV activity evaluation].
The effect on ephedrine prodrugs on locomotor activity in rats.
Quantitation of employee exposure to emission products generated by commercial-scale processing of polyethylene.
Protocol for collection and HPLC analysis of volatile carbonyl compounds in breath.
Release of aldehydes from rat alveolar macrophages exposed in vitro to low concentrations of nitrogen dioxide.
Reductase activity of aldehyde oxidase toward the carcinogen N-hydroxy-2-acetylaminofluorene and the related hydroxamic acids.
Regulation of Clostridium acetobutylicum metabolism as revealed by mixed-substrate steady-state continuous cultures: role of NADH/NAD ratio and ATP pool.
Biotreatment of ammonia- and butanal-containing waste gases.
Expression of plasmid-encoded aad in Clostridium acetobutylicum M5 restores vigorous butanol production.
Development of an optical formaldehyde sensor based on the use of immobilized pararosaniline.
Regulation of carbon and electron flow in Clostridium acetobutylicum grown in chemostat culture at neutral pH on mixtures of glucose and glycerol.
Kinetic mechanism of yeast alcohol dehydrogenase with primary aliphatic alcohols and aldehydes.
Cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of five n-alkanals in primary cultures of rat and human hepatocytes.
Effect of lipids and aldehydes on gap-junctional intercellular communication between human smooth muscle cells.
Molecular characterization of an aldehyde/alcohol dehydrogenase gene from Clostridium acetobutylicum ATCC 824.
Plant hormone ethylene is a Norrish type II product from enzymically generated triplet 1-butanal.
[Studies on antiviral agents: synthesis of tai-ding-an analogs].
Acyloin production from aldehydes in the perfused rat heart: the potential role of pyruvate dehydrogenase.
Measurement of n-alkanals and hydroxyalkenals in biological samples.
Purification and characterization of a primary-secondary alcohol dehydrogenase from two strains of Clostridium beijerinckii.
Intragastric nitrosation of nicotine is not a significant contributor to nitrosamine exposure.
Analogues of butyric acid that increase the expression of transfected DNAs.
Two types of 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone hemoglobin adducts, from metabolites which migrate into or are formed in red blood cells.
Horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase-catalyzed oxidation of aldehydes: dismutation precedes net production of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide.
A study of changes in the fat content of some varieties of dry sausage during the curing process.
The oxidation of aldehydes by horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase.
32P-postlabelling analysis of DNA-adducts formed by 4-(N-carbethoxy-N-nitrosamino)-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone and 4-oxo-4-(3-pyridyl)- butanal.
Human mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase substrate specificity: comparison of esterase with dehydrogenase reaction.
Lack of correlation between DNA methylation and hepatocarcinogenesis in rats and hamsters treated with 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone.
Efficiency of DNA-histone crosslinking induced by saturated and unsaturated aldehydes in vitro.
Modulation by glutathione of DNA strand breaks induced by 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone and its aldehyde metabolites in rat hepatocytes.
Effects of oxazolidines derived from (-) ephedrine in the rat.
Detection of low molecular weight aldehydes in aqueous solution by membrane introduction mass spectrometry.
Azoreductase activity by purified rabbit liver aldehyde oxidase.
The tungsten-containing aldehyde oxidoreductase from Clostridium thermoaceticum and its complex with a viologen-accepting NADPH oxidoreductase.
Oxidoreduction of butanol in deermice (Peromyscus maniculatus) lacking hepatic cytosolic alcohol dehydrogenase.
Cloning of an NADH-dependent butanol dehydrogenase gene from Clostridium acetobutylicum.
Comparison of DNA alkali-labile sites induced by 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone and 4-oxo-4-(3-pyridyl)butanal in rat hepatocytes.
Purification and some properties of the tungsten-containing carboxylic acid reductase from Clostridium formicoaceticum.
A tobacco smoke-derived nitrosamine, 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone, is activated by multiple human cytochrome P450s including the polymorphic human cytochrome P4502D6.
Molecular cloning of an alcohol (butanol) dehydrogenase gene cluster from Clostridium acetobutylicum ATCC 824.
Characterization of activation and deactivation pathways of 4-(N-nitrosomethylamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) in rat hepatocytes.
Degradation of vinyl acetate by soil, sewage, sludge, and the newly isolated aerobic bacterium V2.
Coenzyme A-acylating aldehyde dehydrogenase from Clostridium beijerinckii NRRL B592.
Sporicidal action of alkaline glutaraldehyde: factors influencing activity and a comparison with other aldehydes.
In vitro metabolism of 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone by lung cells isolated from Syrian golden hamster.
Use of immobilized microbial membrane fragments to remove oxygen and favor the acetone-butanol fermentation.
Metabolism and DNA single strand breaks induced by 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone and its analogues in primary culture of rat hepatocytes.
Redox interactions between catalase and alcohol dehydrogenase pathways of ethanol metabolism in the perfused rat liver.
[Endogenous toxemia in pancreatic necrosis of alcoholic etiology].
Initial characterization of aldehyde dehydrogenase from rat testis cytosol.
Cytotoxicity, sister-chromatid exchanges and DNA single-strand breaks induced by 4-oxo-4-(3-pyridyl)butanal, a metabolite of a tobacco-specific N-nitrosamine.
Ethanol-inducible cytochrome P-450 activity and increase in acetaldehyde bound to microsomes after chronic administration of acetaldehyde or ethanol.
Purification and characterization of the NADH-dependent butanol dehydrogenase from Clostridium acetobutylicum (ATCC 824).
Metabolism of 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone by hamster respiratory tissues cultured with ellagic acid.
Mutagenicity in V79 Chinese hamster cells of n-alkanals produced by lipid peroxidation.
Isolation and Characterization of Mutants of Clostridium acetobutylicum ATCC 824 Deficient in Acetoacetyl-Coenzyme A:Acetate/Butyrate:Coenzyme A-Transferase (EC 2.8.3.9) and in Other Solvent Pathway Enzymes.
Immobilization of aspartate aminotransferase on agarose.
[Aldehydes and ketones in silage: quantitative analysis by high performance liquid chromatography].
Purification and properties of the inducible coenzyme A-linked butyraldehyde dehydrogenase from Clostridium acetobutylicum.
Properties and functions of two succinic-semialdehyde dehydrogenases from Pseudomonas putida.
Formation of cross-links and fluorescence in polylysine, soluble proteins and membrane proteins by reaction with 1-butanal.
Reaction of tobacco smoke aldehydes with human hemoglobin.
Clostridium acetobutylicum Mutants That Produce Butyraldehyde and Altered Quantities of Solvents.
Synthesis of 7'-(3-hydroxypropyl)fortimicin A and 6'-epifortimicin A.
Syntheses of homologous omega-aminated 1-methoxyalkyl beta-D-glucopyranosides as potential beta-D-glucosidase inhibitors.
A method for the characterization of aldehyde dehydrogenase with use of alcohol dehydrogenase.
Stabilizing effect of glutaraldehyde on the respiratory burst NADPH oxidase of guinea pig polymorphonuclear leukocytes.
Alpha-proton abstraction and carbanion formation in the mechanism of action of lysyl oxidase.
Autoxidation of human low density lipoprotein: loss of polyunsaturated fatty acids and vitamin E and generation of aldehydes.
Butanol-Ethanol Dehydrogenase and Butanol-Ethanol-Isopropanol Dehydrogenase: Different Alcohol Dehydrogenases in Two Strains of Clostridium beijerinckii (Clostridium butylicum).
[Kinetics of membrane-bound aldehyde dehydrogenase from Acinetobacter calcoaceticus].
Tissue and cellular specificity for DNA adduct formation and persistence following in vivo exposure to chemicals.
Reaction of thiobarbituric acid with saturated aldehydes.
Reaction pathway of bovine aortic lysyl oxidase.
Comparative mutagenicity of 4-(carbethoxynitrosamino)-4-(3-pyridyl)butanal and 4-(carbethoxynitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone, model compounds for alpha-hydroxylation of N'-nitrosonornicotine.
[Macroscopic fluctuations of the kinetic activity of alcohol dehydrogenase].
Purification and characterization of human liver "high Km" aldehyde dehydrogenase and its identification as glutamic gamma-semialdehyde dehydrogenase.
Formation of cyclic nucleic acid adducts from some simple alpha, beta-unsaturated carbonyl compounds and cyclic nitrosamines.
NTP Toxicology and Carcinogenesis Studies of Propylene (CAS No. 115-07-1) in F344/N Rats and B6C3F1 Mice (Inhalation Studies).
4-(Methylnitrosamino)-4-(3-pyridyl)butanal (NNA).
Sensory irritation response to inhaled aldehydes after formaldehyde pretreatment.
Microenvironmental effects on enzyme catalysis. A kinetic study of hydrophobic derivatives of chymotrypsin.
Alpha-hydroxylation and mutagenicity of unsymmetrical N-nitrosodialkylamines with a butyl group.
Effect of lipid structure on the capacity of myelin basic protein to alter vesicle properties: potent effects of aliphatic aldehydes in promoting basic protein-induced vesicle aggregation.
Affinity labeling of the aldehyde site of bacterial luciferase.
Sites of reaction of glutaraldehyde and acetaldehyde with nucleosides.
Inhibition of xanthine oxidase by various aldehydes.
Detection and determination of pyrroloquinoline quinone, the coenzyme of quinoproteins.
Formation of cyclic 1,N2--adducts by reaction of deoxyguanosine with alpha-acetoxy-N-nitrosopyrrolidine, 4-(carbethoxynitrosamino)butanal, or crotonaldehyde.
In vitro metabolic activation of N,N-dibutylnitrosamine in mutagenesis.
Inhibition of microsomal oxidation of alcohols and of hydroxyl-radical-scavenging agents by the iron-chelating agent desferrioxamine.
Separation and characterization of the aldehydic products of lipid peroxidation stimulated by ADP-Fe2+ in rat liver microsomes.
[Neutral and basic compounds present in gases produced by Clostridium sporogenes, Plectridium putrificum and Plectridium glycolicum cultured under vacuum in sodium thioglycolate glucose broth].
Binding of adducts of NAD(P) and enolizable ketones to NAD(P)-dependent dehydrogenases.
Purification and properties of human liver aldehyde reductases.
Soluble aldehyde dehydrogenase and metabolism of aldehydes by soybean bacteroids.
Kinetic properties of highly purified preparations of sheep liver cytoplasmic aldehyde dehydrogenase.
Relationship between carcinogenicity and in vitro metabolism of nitrosomethylethylamine, nitrosomethyl-N-butylamine, and nitrosomethyl-(2-phenylethyl)amine labeled with deuterium in the methyl and alpha-methylene positions.
Aldehyde reductase from Crithidia fasciculata: purification and characterization.
Studies of covalent adducts of NAD(P) and enolizable ketones as specific glutamate dehydrogenase inhibitors.
Toward the total synthesis of Sinefungin.
Kinetic studies of the mechanism of sheep liver cytoplasmic aldehyde dehydrogenase.
Kinetics of nerve impulse blocking by protein cross-linking aldehydes. Apparent critical thermal points.
Partial purification and characterization of an alcohol dehydrogenase of Mycobacterium tuberculosis var. bovis (BCG).
The reduction of allyl alcohols by Clostridium species is catalyzed by the combined action of alcohol dehydrogenase and enoate reductase.
Effect of protein cross-linking aldehydes on nerve activity.
Metabolism in the F344 rat of 4-(N-methyl-N-nitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone, a tobacco-specific carcinogen.
[Studies on antitumor and antiviral compounds. VI. Synthesis of dl-beta-phthalimido-alpha-n-butyraldehyde derivatives (author's transl)].
Separation and characterization of NAD- and NADP-specific succinate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase from Escherichia coli K-12 3300.
Metabolism of the tobacco specific nitrosamines, N'-nitrosonornicotine and 4-(N-methyl-N-nitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone.
Assay for microsomal alpha-hydroxylation of N'-nitrosonornicotine and determination of the deuterium isotope effect for alpha-hydroxylation.
[Gas chromatographic determination of butyraldehyde in the atmosphere].
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-decanaldehyde adduct as an inhibitor of beef brain NADP-linked aldehyde reductase.
[Studies on antitumor and antiviral compounds. V. Synthesis of alpha-keto-beta-ethoxy-butyraldehyde bisthiosemicarbazone analogs (author's transl)].
Synthesis and anti-inflammatory properties of budesonide, a new non-halogenated glucocorticoid with high local activity.
Extensive modification of protein amino groups by reductive addition of different sized substituents.
Kinetic properties of aldehyde dehydrogenase from sheep liver mitochondria.
Partial reversal of the acetaldehyde and butyraldehyde oxidation reactions catalysed by aldehyde dehydrogenases from sheep liver.
Tobacco-specific nitrosamines: formation from nicotine in vitro and during tobacco curing and carcinogenicity in strain A mice.
Chemical studies on tobacco smoke LVI. Tobacco specific nitrosamines: origins, carcinogenicity and metabolism.
Evidence for metabolic alpha hydroxylation of N-nitrosopyrrolidine.
Purification and characterization of two aldehyde dehydrogenases from Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Sensitivity to isopropyl alcohol.
Effects of cigarette smoke components on in vitro chemotaxis of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes.
Oxidative biotransformation of di-n-butylnitrosamine. Formation in vitro of aldehydes in the presence of rat liver microsomes.
Behavior genetics of olfactory responses in Drosophila. I. Olfactometry and strain differences in Drosophila melanogaster.
Some properties of an alcohol dehydrogenase partially purified from baker's yeast grown without added zinc.
Interference by divalent metals in the preparation of soluble intestinal alkaline phosphatase with n-butanal.
A study of the pH- and temperature-dependence of the reactions of yeast alcohol dehydrogenase with ethanol, acetaldehyde and butyraldehyde as substrates.
Effect of reductive alkylation on catalytic properties of glycogen phosphorylase B. enzyme derivatives with changed nucleotide affinities.
A study of the kinetics and mechanism of yeast alcohol dehydrogenase with a variety of substrates.
Synergistic false-positive coliform reaction on M-Endo MF medium.
The radiolysis of aqueous solutions of ethylene.
Encystment and polymer production by Azotobacter vinelandii in the presence of beta-hydroxybutyrate.
[Enzymatic conversion of n-butyraldehyde to n-butanol in Clostridium acetobutylicum].
2-methylene butanal and related compounds in the defensive scent of Platyzosteria cockroaches (Blattidae: Polyzosteriinae).
Dehydrogenase activity of pseudomonas species.
[Comparative toxic action of crotonaldehyde and butyraldehyde].
The effect of tetraethylthiuramdisulphide (disulfiram) upon the toxicity of lower aliphatic aldehydes (formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, propionaldehyde, butyraldehyde, acrolein and crotonaldehyde).
A toxicological investigation of lower aliphatic aldehydes. I. Toxicity of formaldehyde, acetaldehyde; propionaldehyde and butyraldehyde; as well as of acrolein and crotonaldehyde.
Condensation of butanal with 4-heptanone and 3-hexanone and attempted condensation of 2-ethyl-2-hexenal with 4-heptanone.
SOME EFFECTS OF FORMALDEHYDE ON HORSE ANTIPNEUMOCOCCUS SERUM AND DIPHTHERIA ANTITOXIN, AND THEIR SIGNIFICANCE FOR THE THEORY OF ANTIGEN-ANTIBODY AGGREGATION.

Other Information

(IUPAC):Atomic Weights of the Elements 2011 (pdf)
Videos:The Periodic Table of Videos
tgsc:Atomic Weights use for this web site
(IUPAC):Periodic Table of the Elements
FDA Substances Added to Food (formerly EAFUS):View
FDA Indirect Additives used in Food Contact Substances:View
CHEBI:View
CHEMBL:View
Metabolomics Database:Search
KEGG (GenomeNet):C01412
HMDB (The Human Metabolome Database):HMDB03543
FooDB:FDB003378
Export Tariff Code:2912.19.2500
Typical G.C.
VCF-Online:VCF Volatile Compounds in Food
ChemSpider:View
Wikipedia:View
Formulations/Preparations:
•grades: technical (93% minimum). •98% liquid grade ... •available commercially as a 55% aqueous solution

PhysChem Properties

Material listed in food chemical codex Yes
Molecular weight 72.106956481934
Specific gravity @ 25 °C
Pounds per Gallon 6.657 to 6.948
Refractive Index 1.36 to 1.395 @ 20 °C
Boiling Point 74 to 75°C @ 760 mm Hg
Acid Value 5 max KOH/g
Vapor Pressure 88.5 mmHg @ 20 °C
Vapor Density 2.5
Flash Point TCC Value -11.11 °C TCC
logP (o/w) 0.88
Shelf life 6 months (or longer if stored properly.)
Storage notes Store under nitrogen.
Solubility
alcohol Yes
water, 1 part to 27 parts water Yes
water, 2.385e+004 mg/L @ 25 °C (est) Yes
water, 7.10E+04 mg/L @ 25 °C (exp) Yes

Organoleptic Properties

Odor Type: Chocolate
pungent, cocoa, musty, green, malty, bready
Luebke, William tgsc, (1987) At 1.00 % in dipropylene glycol. pungent cocoa musty green malty bready
Mosciano, Gerard P&F 24, No. 2, 49, (1999) At 1.00 %. Pungent, diffusive, cocoa, choking, musty, green, malty
Flavor Type: Cocoa
cocoa, green, grain, fermented
Mosciano, Gerard P&F 24, No. 2, 49, (1999) At 10.00 ppm. Cocoa, green, grainy, fermented

Occurrences

Safety Information

Safety information

Preferred SDS: View
European information :
Most important hazard(s):
Xi - Irritant
R 11 - Highly flammable.
R 38 - Irritating to skin.
S 02 - Keep out of the reach of children.
S 07/09 - Keep container tightly closed and in well-ventilated place.
S 23 - Do not breath vapour.
S 24/25 - Avoid contact with skin and eyes.
S 36/37/39 - Wear suitable clothing, gloves and eye/face protection.
Hazards identification
Classification of the substance or mixture
GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS)
None found.
GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements
Pictogram
Hazard statement(s)
None found.
Precautionary statement(s)
None found.
Oral/Parenteral Toxicity:
oral-rat LD50 2490 mg/kg
National Technical Information Service. Vol. OTS0516688

intraperitoneal-rat LD50 800 mg/kg
Food and Cosmetics Toxicology. Vol. 17, Pg. 731, 1979.

intraperitoneal-mouse LD50 1140 mg/kg
Food and Cosmetics Toxicology. Vol. 17, Pg. 731, 1979.

Dermal Toxicity:
skin-rabbit LD50 3560 ul/kg
Union Carbide Data Sheet. Vol. 7/20/1965

subcutaneous-rat LD50 10000 mg/kg
BEHAVIORAL: GENERAL ANESTHETIC
Acta Pharmacologica et Toxicologica. Vol. 6, Pg. 299, 1950.

subcutaneous-mouse LD50 2700 mg/kg
BEHAVIORAL: GENERAL ANESTHETIC KIDNEY, URETER, AND BLADDER: HEMATURIA
Acta Pharmacologica et Toxicologica. Vol. 6, Pg. 299, 1950.

Inhalation Toxicity:
inhalation-mouse LC50 44610 mg/m3/2H
"Toxicometric Parameters of Industrial Toxic Chemicals Under Single Exposure," Izmerov, N.F., et al., Moscow, Centre of International Projects, GKNT, 1982Vol. -, Pg. 30, 1982.

inhalation-mammal (species unspecified) LC50 38000 mg/m3
Gigiena i Sanitariya. For English translation, see HYSAAV. Vol. 51(5), Pg. 61, 1986.

inhalation-rat TCLo 8000 ppm/4H
National Technical Information Service. Vol. OTS0516688

Safety in use information

Category:
flavoring agents and cosmetic fragrance agents
Recommendation for butyraldehyde usage levels up to:
not for fragrance use.
Structure Class: I
Use levels for FEMA GRAS flavoring substances on which the FEMA Expert Panel based its judgments that the substances are generally recognized as safe (GRAS).
The Expert Panel also publishes separate extensive reviews of scientific information on all FEMA GRAS flavoring substances and can be found at FEMA Flavor Ingredient Library
publication number: 3
Click here to view publication 3
average usual ppmaverage maximum ppm
baked goods: -5.40000
beverages(nonalcoholic): -0.71000
beverages(alcoholic): -0.50000
breakfast cereal: --
cheese: --
chewing gum: --
condiments / relishes: --
confectionery froastings: -0.25000
egg products: --
fats / oils: --
fish products: --
frozen dairy: -4.80000
fruit ices: -4.80000
gelatins / puddings: --
granulated sugar: --
gravies: --
hard candy: -2.90000
imitation dairy: --
instant coffee / tea: --
jams / jellies: --
meat products: --
milk products: --
nut products: --
other grains: --
poultry: --
processed fruits: --
processed vegetables: --
reconstituted vegetables: --
seasonings / flavors: --
snack foods: --
soft candy: --
soups: --
sugar substitutes: --
sweet sauces: --

Safety references

European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) reference(s):

Flavouring Group Evaluation 3, Revision 1 (FGE.03Rev1): Acetals of branched- and straight-chain aliphatic saturated primary alcohols and branched- and straight-chain saturated or unsaturated aldehydes, an ester of a hemiacetal and an orthoester of formic acid, from chemical groups 1, 2 & 4 Commission Regulation (EC) No 1565/2000 of 18 July 2000) [1] - Scientific Opinion of the Scientific Panel on Food Additives, Flavourings, Processing Aids and Materials in contact with Food (AFC)on a request from the Commission
View page or View pdf

Flavouring Group Evaluation 10, Revision 1 (FGE10 Rev1)[1] - Aliphatic primary and secondary saturated and unsaturated alcohols, aldehydes, acetals, carboxylic acids and esters containing an additional oxygenated functional group and lactones from chemical groups 9, 13 and 30 - Scientific Opinion of the Panel on Food Additives, Flavourings, Processing Aids and Materials in Contact with Food (AFC)
View page or View pdf

Scientific Opinion on the safety and efficacy of straight-chain primary aliphatic alcohols/aldehydes/acids, acetals and esters with esters containing saturated alcohols and acetals containing saturated aldehydes (chemical group 1) when used as flavourings for all animal species
View page or View pdf

EPI System: View
NIOSH International Chemical Safety Cards:search
Chemical Carcinogenesis Research Information System:Search
AIDS Citations:Search
Cancer Citations:Search
Toxicology Citations:Search
EPA GENetic TOXicology:Search
EPA Substance Registry Services (TSCA):123-72-8
EPA ACToR:Toxicology Data
EPA Substance Registry Services (SRS):Registry
Laboratory Chemical Safety Summary :261
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases:Data
WISER:UN 1129
WGK Germany:1
butanal
Chemidplus:0000123728
EPA/NOAA CAMEO:hazardous materials
RTECS:123-72-8