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biphenyl
General Material Information
| Preferred name | biphenyl |
| Trivial Name | Biphenyl |
| Short Description | diphenyl |
| Formula | C12 H10 |
| CAS Number | 92-52-4 |
| Deleted CAS Number | 56481-93-7 |
| FEMA Number | 3129 |
| ECHA Number | 202-163-5 |
| FDA UNII | 2L9GJK6MGN |
| Nikkaji Number | J3.929B |
| Beilstein Number | 1634058 |
| MDL | MFCD00003054 |
| COE Number | 10978 |
| Bio Activity Summary | External link |
| NMR Predictor | External link |
| JECFA Food Flavoring | 1332 biphenyl |
| FDA Patent | No longer provide for the use of these seven synthetic flavoring substances |
| FDA Mainterm | 92-52-4 ; BIPHENYL |
| Synonyms |
|
US / EU / FDA / JECFA / FEMA / Scholar / Patents
| Google Scholar | Start search |
| Google Books | Start search |
| Google Patents | Start search |
| Perfumer & Flavorists | Start search |
| EU Patents | Start search |
| PubMeb | Start search |
| NCBI | Start search |
Literature & References
| 1,1'-biphenyl | |
| NIST Chemistry WebBook: | Search Inchi |
| Canada Domestic Sub. List: | 92-52-4 |
| Pubchem (cid): | 7095 |
| Pubchem (sid): | 134972195 |
Other Information
| (IUPAC): | Atomic Weights of the Elements 2011 (pdf) |
| Videos: | The Periodic Table of Videos |
| tgsc: | Atomic Weights use for this web site |
| (IUPAC): | Periodic Table of the Elements |
| FDA Substances Added to Food (formerly EAFUS): | View |
| FDA Indirect Additives used in Food Contact Substances: | View |
| CHEBI: | View |
| CHEMBL: | View |
| Metabolomics Database: | Search |
| UM BBD: | Search |
| KEGG (GenomeNet): | C06588 |
| HMDB (The Human Metabolome Database): | HMDB34437 |
| FooDB: | FDB012838 |
| Export Tariff Code: | 2902.90.6000 |
| VCF-Online: | VCF Volatile Compounds in Food |
| ChemSpider: | View |
| Wikipedia: | View |
| Formulations/Preparations: •phph •xenene •lemonene •phenador-x •carolid al •bulk molten or flaked, technical grades (99.9% purity). monsanto co •95% and 99% molten or flake grades. sybron chemicals, inc •technical grade of 93-97% purity. high purity is greater than or equal to 99.9% purity. | |
Suppliers
| Eastman Chemical | EMD Millipore |
| Glentham Life Sciences | Penta International |
| Santa Cruz Biotechnology | Sigma-Aldrich |
| Synerzine | TCI AMERICA |
| Penta International Corporation |
PhysChem Properties
| Material listed in food chemical codex | No |
| Molecular weight | 154.21170043945 |
| Specific gravity | @ 25 °C |
| Pounds per Gallon | |
| Boiling Point | 160 to 161°C @ 50 mm Hg |
| Vapor Pressure | 0.00893 mmHg @ 25 °C |
| Vapor Density | 5.31 |
| Flash Point TCC Value | 100 °C TCC |
| logP (o/w) | 3.98 |
| Solubility | |
| alcohol | Yes |
| benzene | Yes |
| carbon disulfide | Yes |
| carbon tetrachloride | Yes |
| ether | Yes |
| methanol | Yes |
| water, 6.94 mg/L @ 25 °C (exp) | Yes |
| water | No |
Organoleptic Properties
| Odor Type: Green | |
| pungent, rose, green, geranium | |
| General comment | At 0.10 % in propylene glycol. pungent rose green geranium |
| Flavor Type: Floral | |
| neroli, bergamot, cinnamon, natural | |
| General comment | Neroli bergamot cinnamon natural |
Occurrences
| (data available) |
Safety Information
Safety information
| Preferred SDS: View | |
| European information : | |
| Most important hazard(s): | |
| Xi N - Irritant, Dangerous for the environment. | |
| R 36/37/38 - Irritating to eyes, respiratory system, and skin. R 50/53 - Very toxic to aquatic organisms, may cause long-term adverse effects in the aquatic environment. S 02 - Keep out of the reach of children. S 23 - Do not breath vapour. S 60 - This material and its container must be disposed of as hazardous waste. S 61 - Avoid release to the environment. Refer to special instructions/safety data sheet. | |
| Hazards identification | |
| Classification of the substance or mixture | |
| GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS) | |
| None found. | |
| GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements | |
| Pictogram | |
| Hazard statement(s) | |
| None found. | |
| Precautionary statement(s) | |
| None found. | |
| Oral/Parenteral Toxicity: | |
| oral-rat LD50 2140 mg/kg GASTROINTESTINAL: ALTERATION IN GASTRIC SECRETION BEHAVIORAL: MUSCLE WEAKNESS BEHAVIORAL: SOMNOLENCE (GENERAL DEPRESSED ACTIVITY) National Technical Information Service. Vol. OTS0546109 oral-rabbit LD50 2400 mg/kg Nagoya Shiritsu Daigaku Igakkai Zasshi. Journal of the Nagoya City University Medical Association. Vol. 28, Pg. 983, 1977. oral-mouse LD50 1900 mg/kg BEHAVIORAL: SOMNOLENCE (GENERAL DEPRESSED ACTIVITY) GASTROINTESTINAL: "HYPERMOTILITY, DIARRHEA" Shokuhin Eiseigaku Zasshi. Food Hygiene Journal. Vol. 24, Pg. 268, 1983. intravenous-mouse LD50 56 mg/kg U.S. Army Armament Research & Development Command, Chemical Systems Laboratory, NIOSH Exchange Chemicals. Vol. NX#00198 oral-cat LD50 > 2600 mg/kg "Agrochemicals Handbook," with updates, Hartley, D., and H. Kidd, eds., Nottingham, Royal Soc of Chemistry, 1983-86Vol. A166, Pg. 1983 unreported-rat LD50 4500 mg/kg Gigiena i Sanitariya. For English translation, see HYSAAV. Vol. 53(5), Pg. 6, 1988. | |
| Dermal Toxicity: | |
| skin-rabbit LD50 > 5010 mg/kg Monsanto Co. Toxicity Information. | |
| Inhalation Toxicity: | |
| inhalation-rat LC50 > 200 mg/m3 Monsanto Co. Toxicity Information. inhalation-human TCLo 4400 ug/m3 GASTROINTESTINAL: NAUSEA OR VOMITING GASTROINTESTINAL: OTHER CHANGES PERIPHERAL NERVE AND SENSATION: FLACCID PARALYSIS WITHOUT ANESTHESIA (USUALLY NEUROMUSCULAR BLOCKAGE) Archives of Environmental Health. Vol. 26, Pg. 70, 1973. | |
Safety in use information
| Category: | |||
| antioxidants and stabilizers | |||
| Recommendation for biphenyl usage levels up to: | |||
| not for fragrance use. | |||
| Maximised Survey-derived Daily Intakes (MSDI-EU): | 0.00085 (μg/capita/day) | ||
| Maximised Survey-derived Daily Intakes (MSDI-USA): | 0.70 (μg/capita/day) | ||
| Threshold of Concern: | 90 (μg/person/day) | ||
| Structure Class: | III | ||
| Use levels for FEMA GRAS flavoring substances on which the FEMA Expert Panel based its judgments that the substances are generally recognized as safe (GRAS). | |||
| The Expert Panel also publishes separate extensive reviews of scientific information on all FEMA GRAS flavoring substances and can be found at FEMA Flavor Ingredient Library | |||
| publication number: 4 | |||
| Click here to view publication 4 | |||
| average usual ppm | average maximum ppm | ||
| baked goods: | - | 2.00000 | |
| beverages(nonalcoholic): | - | 2.00000 | |
| beverages(alcoholic): | - | - | |
| breakfast cereal: | - | - | |
| cheese: | - | - | |
| chewing gum: | - | - | |
| condiments / relishes: | - | - | |
| confectionery froastings: | - | - | |
| egg products: | - | - | |
| fats / oils: | - | - | |
| fish products: | - | - | |
| frozen dairy: | - | 2.00000 | |
| fruit ices: | - | 2.00000 | |
| gelatins / puddings: | - | 2.00000 | |
| granulated sugar: | - | - | |
| gravies: | - | - | |
| hard candy: | - | 2.00000 | |
| imitation dairy: | - | - | |
| instant coffee / tea: | - | - | |
| jams / jellies: | - | - | |
| meat products: | - | - | |
| milk products: | - | - | |
| nut products: | - | - | |
| other grains: | - | - | |
| poultry: | - | - | |
| processed fruits: | - | - | |
| processed vegetables: | - | - | |
| reconstituted vegetables: | - | - | |
| seasonings / flavors: | - | - | |
| snack foods: | - | - | |
| soft candy: | - | - | |
| soups: | - | - | |
| sugar substitutes: | - | - | |
| sweet sauces: | - | - | |
Safety references
| European Food Safety Athority(EFSA):Flavor usage levels; Subacute, Subchronic, Chronic and Carcinogenicity Studies; Developmental / Reproductive Toxicity Studies; Genotoxicity Studies... |
| European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) reference(s): |
| Flavouring Group Evaluation 78 (FGE.78)[1] - Consideration of Aliphatic and alicyclic and aromatic hydrocarbons evaluated by JECFA (63rd meeting) structurally related to aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons evaluated by EFSA in FGE.25 - Scientific Opinion of the Panel on Food Additives,Flavourings, Processing Aids and Materials in Contact with Food (AFC) View page or View pdf |
| Scientific Opinion on Flavouring Group Evaluation 78, Revision 1 (FGE.78Rev1): Consideration of aliphatic and alicyclic and aromatic hydrocarbons evaluated by JECFA (63rd meeting) structurally related to aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons evaluated by EFSA in FGE.25Rev2 View page or View pdf |
| Scientific Opinion on Flavouring Group Evaluation 78, Revision 2 (FGE.78Rev2): Consideration of aliphatic and alicyclic and aromatic hydrocarbons evaluated by JECFA (63rd meeting) structurally related to aliphatic hydrocarbons evaluated by EFSA in FGE.25Rev3 View page or View pdf |
| EPI System: View |
| EPA-Iris:IRIS |
| ClinicalTrials.gov:search |
| NIOSH International Chemical Safety Cards:search |
| NIOSH Pocket Guide:search |
| Chemical Carcinogenesis Research Information System:Search |
| AIDS Citations:Search |
| Cancer Citations:Search |
| Toxicology Citations:Search |
| Carcinogenic Potency Database:Search |
| EPA GENetic TOXicology:Search |
| EPA Substance Registry Services (TSCA):92-52-4 |
| EPA ACToR:Toxicology Data |
| EPA Substance Registry Services (SRS):Registry |
| Laboratory Chemical Safety Summary :7095 |
| National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases:Data |
| WISER:UN 3077 |
| WGK Germany:2 |
| 1,1'-biphenyl |
| Chemidplus:0000092524 |
| EPA/NOAA CAMEO:hazardous materials |
| RTECS:92-52-4 |