scopolamine

General Material Information

Preferred name	scopolamine
Trivial Name	(-)-Scopolamine
Short Description	benzeneacetic acid, a-(hydroxymethyl)-, 9-methyl-3-oxa-9-azatricyclo[3.3.1.02,4]non-7-yl ester, (aS)-
Formula	C17 H21 N O4
CAS Number	51-34-3
Deleted CAS Number	14797-94-5
ECHA Number	200-090-3
FDA UNII	DL48G20X8X
Bio Activity Summary	External link
NMR Predictor	External link
Synonyms	benzeneacetic acid, a-(hydroxymethyl)-, 9-methyl-3-oxa-9-azatricyclo[3.3.1.02,4]non-7-yl ester, (aS)- 9-methyl-3-oxa-9-azatricyclo[3.3.1.02,4]non-7-yl (2S)-3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoate Benzeneacetic acid, α-(hydroxymethyl)-, (1α,2β,4β,5α,7β)-9-methyl-3-oxa-9-azatricyclo[3.3.1.02,4]non-7-yl ester, (αS)- 1αH,5αH-Tropan-3α-ol, 6β,7β-epoxy-, (-)-tropate (ester) Benzeneacetic acid, α-(hydroxymethyl)-, 9-methyl-3-oxa-9-azatricyclo[3.3.1.02,4]non-7-yl ester, [7(S)-(1α,2β,4β,5α,7β)]- 3-Oxa-9-azatricyclo[3.3.1.02,4]nonane, benzeneacetic acid deriv. Atrochin Atroquin (-)-Hyoscine Hyoscine 9-Methyl-3-oxa-9-azatricyclo[3.3.1.02,4]nonan-7-ol (-)-tropate (-)-Scopolamine Scopine (-)-tropate 6β,7β-Epoxy-3α-tropanyl S-(-)-tropate 6,7-Epoxytropine tropate Scopine tropate SEE l-Scopolamine Transderm-Scop Scop Scopoderm TTS Tropic acid ester with scopine Transcop

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Literature & References

NIST Chemistry WebBook:	Search Inchi
Pubchem (cid):	2723877
Pubchem (sid):	134972272

Publications by PubMed
Protective effects of total alkaloidal extract from Murraya koenigii leaves on experimentally induced dementia.
Muscarinic receptor antagonism of the nucleus accumbens core causes avoidance to flavor and spatial cues.
Chin rub CRs are elicited by flavors associated with apomorphine, scopolamine, methscopolamine, physostigmine and neostigmine.
Paradoxical reinforcing properties of apomorphine: effects of nucleus accumbens and area postrema lesions.
Sulforaphane alleviates scopolamine-induced memory impairment in mice.
Intra- and inter-laboratory validation of a dipstick immunoassay for the detection of tropane alkaloids hyoscyamine and scopolamine in animal feed.
6-Shogaol, an active constituent of ginger, attenuates neuroinflammation and cognitive deficits in animal models of dementia.
Lactobacillus helveticus-fermented milk improves learning and memory in mice.
Lactobacillus pentosus var. plantarum C29 ameliorates memory impairment and inflammaging in a d-galactose-induced accelerated aging mouse model.
Effects of ginseol k-g3, an Rg3-enriched fraction, on scopolamine-induced memory impairment and learning deficit in mice.
Lycium barbarum polysaccharides prevent memory and neurogenesis impairments in scopolamine-treated rats.
Grid cell spatial tuning reduced following systemic muscarinic receptor blockade.
Soyasaponins Ab and Bb prevent scopolamine-induced memory impairment in mice without the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase.
[Simultaneous determination of scopolamine hydrobromide, atropine sulfate, ephedrine hydrochloride and pseudoephedrine hydrochloride in Zhichuanling oral liquid with HPLC].
Total isoflavones from soybean and tempeh reversed scopolamine-induced amnesia, improved cholinergic activities and reduced neuroinflammation in brain.
Effects of allantoin on cognitive function and hippocampal neurogenesis.
Overlapping striatal sites mediate scopolamine-induced feeding suppression and mu-opioid-mediated hyperphagia in the rat.
Exposure to cues associated with palatable food reward results in a dopamine D₂ receptor-dependent suppression of evoked synaptic responses in the entorhinal cortex.
D-cycloserine in prelimbic cortex reverses scopolamine-induced deficits in olfactory memory in rats.
Comparative evaluation of ethanolic extracts of Bacopa monnieri, Evolvulus alsinoides, Tinospora cordifolia and their combinations on cognitive functions in rats.
Neuromodulatory propensity of Bacopa monniera against scopolamine-induced cytotoxicity in PC12 cells via down-regulation of AChE and up-regulation of BDNF and muscarnic-1 receptor expression.
Inactivation of muscarinic receptors impairs place and response learning: implications for multiple memory systems.
Cognitive-enhancing effects of Rhus verniciflua bark extract and its active flavonoids with neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory activities.
The role of the cholinergic system in the signal attenuation rat model of obsessive-compulsive disorder.
Pleiotropic effect of histamine H4 receptor modulation in the central nervous system.
Nucleus accumbens neurotransmission and effort-related choice behavior in food motivation: effects of drugs acting on dopamine, adenosine, and muscarinic acetylcholine receptors.
The potent effects of ginseng root extract and memantine on cognitive dysfunction in male albino rats.
Risk assessment of buckwheat flour contaminated by thorn-apple (Datura stramonium L.) alkaloids: a case study from Slovenia.
Tiotropium Respimat increases the risk of mortality.
A review of the advances in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease treatment.
Noradrenergic but not cholinergic modulation of olfactory bulb during processing of near threshold concentration stimuli.
Lactobacillus pentosus var. plantarum C29 protects scopolamine-induced memory deficit in mice.
Acute effects of a low-dose atropine/scopolamine mixture as a food contaminant in human volunteers.
Effects of acute administration of nicotinic and muscarinic cholinergic agonists and antagonists on performance in different cost-benefit decision making tasks in rats.
Protective effects of total alkaloidal extract from Murraya koenigii leaves on experimentally induced dementia.
Comparative study of korean white, red, and black ginseng extract on cholinesterase inhibitory activity and cholinergic function.
Development of a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric method for the simultaneous determination of tropane alkaloids and glycoalkaloids in crops.
Amelioration of scopolamine induced cognitive dysfunction and oxidative stress by Inonotus obliquus - a medicinal mushroom.
Mortality associated with tiotropium mist inhaler in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.
Prevention of scopolamine-induced memory deficits by schisandrin B, an antioxidant lignan from Schisandra chinensis in mice.
Effect of Shengmai-san on cognitive performance and cerebral oxidative damage in BALB/c mice.
[The verge and the abyss: tiotropium (Spiriva) in COPD].
A comparison of scopolamine and biperiden as a rodent model for cholinergic cognitive impairment.
Arctigenin isolated from the seeds of Arctium lappa ameliorates memory deficits in mice.
Transdermal scopolamine for the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
A novel extended sequence learning task (ESLeT) for rodents: validation and the effects of amphetamine, scopolamine and striatal lesions.
Soybean supplementation helps reverse age- and scopolamine-induced memory deficits in mice.
Pooled studies can raise misleading alarm bells, regulators say.
Reversal of memory deficits by Coriandrum sativum leaves in mice.
The safety of tiotropium--the FDA's conclusions.
Anti-amnesic activity of neferine with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory capacities, as well as inhibition of ChEs and BACE1.
Anti-amnesic effect of Chong-Myung-Tang on scopolamine-induced memory impairments in mice.
Comparison of risk of neurovascular and cardiovascular side effects between tiotropium and other anticholinergic agents.
Influence of age on cognition and scopolamine induced memory impairment in rats measured in the radial maze paradigm.
Seizures triggered by food intake in antimuscarinic-treated fasted animals: evaluation of the experimental findings in terms of similarities to eating-triggered epilepsy.
Ethanol extract and saponin of Platycodon grandiflorum ameliorate scopolamine-induced amnesia in mice.
Interactions between morphine, scopolamine and nicotine: schedule-controlled responding in rats.
The ameliorating effect of the extract of the flower of Prunella vulgaris var. lilacina on drug-induced memory impairments in mice.
A flavonol glycoside, isolated from roots of Panax notoginseng, reduces amyloid-beta-induced neurotoxicity in cultured neurons: signaling transduction and drug development for Alzheimer's disease.
Intra-accumbens infusion of a muscarinic antagonist reduces food intake without altering the incentive properties of food-associated cues.
Mass intoxication with Datura innoxia--case series and confirmation by analytical toxicology.
Jimsonweed poisoning associated with a homemade stew - Maryland, 2008.
Different effects of scopolamine and inhibition of prolyl oligopeptidase on mnemonic and motility functions of young and 8- to 9-month-old rats in the radial-arm maze.
Attenuation of cocaine's reinforcing and discriminative stimulus effects via muscarinic M1 acetylcholine receptor stimulation.
Scopolamine-induced convulsions in fasted mice after food intake: evaluation of the sedative effect in the suppression of convulsions.
Inhaled tiotropium bromide and risk of stroke.
Zeatin prevents amyloid beta-induced neurotoxicity and scopolamine-induced cognitive deficits.
Scopolamine-induced migraine like headache.
Improvement of memory in mice and increase of hippocampal excitability in rats by ginsenoside Rg1's metabolites ginsenoside Rh1 and protopanaxatriol.
Procyanidins extracted from the lotus seedpod ameliorate scopolamine-induced memory impairment in mice.
The role of solid food intake in antimuscarinic-induced convulsions in fasted mice.
Effect of triterpenoid saponins from Bacopa monniera on scopolamine-induced memory impairment in mice.
Nucleus accumbens acetylcholine and food intake: decreased muscarinic tone reduces feeding but not food-seeking.
[A case of food poisoning due to ingestion of eggplant, Solanum melongena, grafted on Devil's trumpet, Datura metel].
Muscarinic receptor blockade in ventral hippocampus and prelimbic cortex impairs memory for socially transmitted food preference.
Muscarinic transmission in the basolateral amygdala is necessary for the acquisition of socially transmitted food preferences in rats.
Scopolamine-induced convulsions in fasted mice after food intake: the effect of duration of food deprivation.
Muscarinic receptor antagonism causes a functional alteration in nucleus accumbens mu-opiate-mediated feeding behavior.
Simultaneous determination of thirteen plant alkaloids in a human specimen by SPE and HPLC.
Effects of chemotherapeutic agents 5-fluorouracil and methotrexate alone and combined in a mouse model of learning and memory.
Muscarinic receptor antagonism of the nucleus accumbens core causes avoidance to flavor and spatial cues.
Interactions between neurons in the frontal cortex and hippocampus in cats trained to select reinforcements of different value in conditions of cholinergic deficiency.
Transdermal hormonal contraception: benefits and risks.
Enantioseparation of chiral tropa alkaloids by means of cyclodextrin-modified microemulsion electrokinetic chromatography.
Aqueous and hydroalcoholic extracts of Black Maca (Lepidium meyenii) improve scopolamine-induced memory impairment in mice.
Urinary excretion of dietary contaminants in horses.
Is current UK management of oesophageal food bolus obstruction evidence based? An e-mail survey and literature review.
Insect muscarinic acetylcholine receptor: pharmacological and toxicological profiles of antagonists and agonists.
Muscarinic cholinergic receptor blockade in the rat prelimbic cortex impairs the social transmission of food preference.
Confirmed Datura poisoning in a horse most probably due to D. ferox in contaminated tef hay.
[Determination of scopolamine in the poisoning case by GC/MS].
Cholinergic basis of memory-strengthening effect of Foeniculum vulgare Linn.
The evaluation of antimuscarinic-induced convulsions in fasted rats after food intake.
Electroencephalographic characterization of scopolamine-induced convulsions in fasted mice after food intake.
Pharmacological characterization of high-fat feeding induced by opioid stimulation of the ventral striatum.
Cost reduction strategies used by elderly patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease to cope with a generic-only pharmacy benefit.
What's new in clinical pharmacology and therapeutics.
Food for thought: honeybee foraging, memory, and acetylcholine.
Nardostachys jatamansi improves learning and memory in mice.
Blockade of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors in the ventral tegmental area prevents acquisition of food-rewarded operant responding in rats.
Striatal muscarinic receptor antagonism reduces 24-h food intake in association with decreased preproenkephalin gene expression.
Blockade of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors in the ventral tegmental area disrupts food-related learning in rats.
Datura contamination of hay as the suspected cause of an extensive outbreak of impaction colic in horses.
Tiotropium: an inhaled anticholinergic for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Scopolamine-induced convulsions in fasted mice after food intake: effects of glucose intake, antimuscarinic activity and anticonvulsant drugs.
Identification and estimation of the levo isomer in raw materials and finished products containing atropine and/or hyoscyamine.
Memory-strengthening activity of Glycyrrhiza glabra in exteroceptive and interoceptive behavioral models.
Effect of acidic oligosaccharide sugar chain on scopolamine-induced memory impairment in rats and its related mechanisms.
Analysis of biologically active compounds in potatoes (Solanum tuberosum), tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum), and jimson weed (Datura stramonium) seeds.
Comparison of the inhibitory efficacy of four belladonna drugs on gastrointestinal movement and cognitive function in food-deprived mice.
Effects of green tea polyphenol on cognitive and acetylcholinesterase activities.
Discriminative stimulus properties of the atypical antipsychotic clozapine and the typical antipsychotic chlorpromazine in a three-choice drug discrimination procedure in rats.
Nucleus accumbens acetylcholine regulates appetitive learning and motivation for food via activation of muscarinic receptors.
Improvement of mouse memory by Myristica fragrans seeds.
Effect of antioxidant flavanone, naringenin, from Citrus junoson neuroprotection.
Toxicological evaluation of the staircase test for assessing fine motor movements.
Hippocampal N-acetyl aspartate levels do not mirror neuronal cell densities in creatine-supplemented epileptic rats.
Definition of a new maze paradigm for the study of spatial behavior in rats.
Clinical pharmacokinetics of drugs used to treat urge incontinence.
Pharmacologic treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: past, present, and future.
Scopolamine-induced convulsions in fasted mice after food intake: determination of blood glucose levels, [3H]glutamate binding kinetics and antidopaminergic drug effects.
Network activity in neurons of the motor and prefrontal areas of the cortex in trained cats in conditions of systemic administration of m-cholinoreceptor blockers.
Residential maze as a task for testing rats' maze learning ability: effects of hippocampal lesions and cholinergic receptor antagonists.
The effects of psychotomimetics and psychomotor stimulants on two schedules promoting response switching in the rat.
Posttraining intra-basolateral amygdala scopolamine impairs food- and amphetamine-induced conditioned place preferences.
Tiotropium: a potential replacement for ipratropium in patients with COPD.
Behavioral characterization of mice lacking histamine H(3) receptors.
Muscarinic cholinergic receptor blockade impairs free fatty acid mobilization during fasting in pigeons (Columba livia).
Effects of advanced candidate anticonvulsants under two rodent models of 'counting'.
Effects of selected anticholinergics on acoustic startle response in rats.
Cholinergic and dopaminergic mechanisms involved in the recovery of circadian anticipation by aniracetam in aged rats.
Evidence that mnesic states govern normal and disordered memory.
Water maze versus radial maze: differential performance of rats in a spatial delayed match-to-position task and response to scopolamine.
Dietary restriction of choline reduces hippocampal acetylcholine release in rats: in vivo microdialysis study.
Investigating potential anxiolytic, antidepressant and memory enhancing activity of deprenyl.
[Cooperative activity of motor and frontal cortex neurons in trained cats systemically administered M-cholinoreceptor blockers].
Substance P and its transglutaminase-synthesized spermine derivative elicit yawning behavior via nitric oxide in rats.
The role of muscarinic cholinoceptors in the retrieval of an operant food-related conditioned reflex in cats.
The role of the cholinergic system of the sensorimotor cortex of the rat brain in controlling different types of movement.
Effects of cholinergic manipulation on operant delayed non-matching to position performance in two inbred strains of mice.
Enterostatin (VPDPR) has anti-analgesic and anti-amnesic activities.
Designing of an orally active complement C3a agonist peptide with anti-analgesic and anti-amnesic activity.
Effects of the cannabinoid ligand SR 141716A alone or in combination with delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol or scopolamine on learning in squirrel monkeys.
Anti-analgesic and anti-amnesic effect of complement C3a.
Exposure to behaviourally relevant odour reveals differential characteristics in rat central olfactory pathways as studied through oscillatory activities.
Involvement of the parafascicular nucleus of the thalamus and the cholinoreactive system of the neostriatum in controlling a food-procuring reflex in rats at different stages of learning.
[The role of muscarinic cholinoreceptors in the retrieval of the instrumental food conditioned reflex in cats].
Behavioral and memory improving effects of mirtazapine in rats.
Effects of scopolamine on a novel choice serial reaction time task.
Nicotine in an animal model of attention.
The NMDA antagonist EAA 494 does not impair working memory in an operant DNMTP task in rats.
[The participation of the cholinergic system of the rat sensorimotor cortex in regulating different types of movements].
Dose-response curves and time-course effects of selected anticholinergics on locomotor activity in rats.
Suppressive mechanism of gastric motility by whole-body vibration.
Fetal alcohol-exposed rats exhibit differential response to cholinergic drugs on a delay-dependent memory task.
[The participation of the parafascicular thalamic nucleus and of the neostriatal cholinoreactive system in regulating the food-procuring reflex in rats at different stages of learning].
The acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, ENA 713 (Exelon), attenuates the working memory impairment induced by scopolamine in an operant DNMTP task in rats.
Endotoxin- and interleukin-1-induced hypophagia are not affected by adrenergic, dopaminergic, histaminergic, or muscarinic antagonists.
Scopolamine-induced convulsions in food given fasted mice: effects of clonidine and tizanidine.
Hepatic blood supply: comparison of optimized dual phase contrast-enhanced three-dimensional MR angiography and digital subtraction angiography.
Intra-amygdala infusions of scopolamine impair performance on a conditioned place preference task but not a spatial radial maze task.
The effect of hypothalamic peptide YY on hippocampal acetylcholine release in vivo: implications for limbic function in binge-eating behavior.
Anxiolytic and memory improving effects of moclobemide.
Evidence of GABAergic modulation in melatonin-induced short-term memory deficits and food consumption.
Scopolamine-induced impairment in concurrent fixed-interval responding in a radial maze task.
Detection of visual signals by rats: effects of chlordiazepoxide and cholinergic and adrenergic drugs on sustained attention.
Alcohol intake of P rats is regulated by muscarinic receptors in the pedunculopontine nucleus and VTA.
Scopolamine impairs spatial working memory in the radial maze: an analysis by error type and arm choice.
Scopolamine-induced convulsions in food given fasted mice: effects of physostigmine and MK-801.
Postprandial electrogastrographic changes with or without parasympathetic nerve blockade.
Reducing milk production in ewes at weaning using restricted feeding and methscopolamine bromide.
Effects of microinjection of scopolamine into the neostriatum of rats on performance of a food conditioned reflex at different levels of fixation.
NTP Toxicology and Carcinogenesis Studies of Scopolamine Hydrobromide Trihydrate (CAS No. 6533-68-2) in F344 Rats and B6C3F1 Mice (Gavage Studies).
Chronic nimodipine and acute metrifonate treatment decreases age-related cortical high voltage spindles in rats.
Effects of 5-HT1A receptor agonists, partial agonists and a silent antagonist on the performance of the conditioned emotional response test in the rat.
Effects of anticholinesterase drugs tacrine and E2020, the 5-HT(3) antagonist ondansetron, and the H(3) antagonist thioperamide, in models of cognition and cholinergic function.
Domoic acid: neurobehavioral and neurohistological effects of low-dose exposure in adult rats.
[Management of infantile colics].
Toxicological comparison of a muscarinic agonist given to rats by gavage or in the diet.
The sensitivity of the NTP bioassay for carcinogen hazard evaluation can be modulated by dietary restriction.
Effects of scopolamine on learning and memory in monkeys.
Age-associated impairments in a test of attention: evidence for involvement of cholinergic systems.
[Characteristics of the effect of microinjections of scopolamine into the rat neostriatum on the realization of a conditioned food reflex with different degrees of reinforcement].
Physostigmine, but not 3,4-diaminopyridine, improves radial maze performance in memory-impaired rats.
Scopolamine-physostigmine combination does not substitute for nicotine.
The role of the medial prefrontal cortex of rats in short-term memory functioning: further support for involvement of cholinergic, rather than dopaminergic mechanisms.
Influence of prefeeding and scopolamine upon performance in a delayed matching-to-position task.
Anti-nutritional factors of Datura in feedstuffs.
The selective CCK-B agonist, BC 264, impairs socially reinforced memory in the three-panel runway test in rats.
Computer-assisted shock-reinforced Y-maze training: a method for studying spatial alternation behaviour.
Estrogen and estrogen-progesterone treatments counteract the effect of scopolamine on reinforced T-maze alternation in female rats.
The effects of physostigmine and scopolamine on memory for food caches in the black-capped chickadee.
Radial arm maze behavior in mice when a return to the home cage serves as the reinforcer.
Effects of sustained low-level muscarinic agonism in rats.
Effects of olanzapine and other antipsychotic agents on responding maintained by a conflict schedule.
Effects of SUN 8399, a potent and selective 5-HT1A agonist, on conflict behavior and ambulatory activity in mice: comparison with those of buspirone, tandospirone and diazepam.
Toxicity study of the main alkaloids of Datura ferox in broilers.
Tropane alkaloid production in transformed root cultures of brugmansia Candida.
Titrating matching-to-sample performance in pigeons: effects of diazepam, morphine, and cholinergic agents.
[A method employing housing in a radial maze apparatus for estimating working memory in mice: effects of scopolamine and delay upon maze performance].
Impairment of acquisition but not retention of a simple operant discrimination performance in aged Fischer 344 rats.
MK-801 impairs recognition memory in rhesus monkeys: comparison with cholinergic drugs.
Effects of drugs of abuse and cholinergic agents on delayed matching-to-sample responding in the squirrel monkey.
Comparison of the effects of scopolamine and methylscopolamine on the performance of a fixed-ratio discrimination in squirrel monkeys.
Discriminative stimulus properties of NIK-247 and tetrahydroaminoacridine, centrally active cholinesterase inhibitors, in rats.
Neural mechanisms in the responses to amino acid deficiency.
Evaluation of response perseveration of rats in the radial arm maze following reinforcing and nonreinforcing drugs.
Cholecystokinin receptors and memory: a radial maze study.
Discriminative stimulus effects of the nicotine antagonist mecamylamine in rats.
Attenuation of scopolamine-induced spatial memory deficits in the rat by cholinomimetic and non-cholinomimetic drugs using a novel task in the 12-arm radial maze.
Learning behaviour in chronic vitamin E-deficient and -supplemented rats: radial arm maze learning and passive avoidance response.
The effects of p-chlorophenylalanine-induced serotonin synthesis inhibition and muscarinic blockade on the performance of rats in a 5-choice serial reaction time task.
Differential effects of scopolamine on working and reference memory depend upon level of training.
Mice housed in a cage with a maze learn the maze without explicit training.
Place conditioning reveals the rewarding aspect of social interaction in juvenile rats.
Behavioral effects of some diphenyl-substituted antimuscarinics: comparison with cocaine and atropine.
[A simple method using a maze task for estimating working memory in mice].
Effects of cholinergic and non-cholinergic drugs on visual discrimination and delayed visual discrimination performance in rats.
Scopolamine impairs delayed matching in an olfactory task in rats.
[A simple multiple maze test to estimate learning and memory in mice: application to the effect of scopolamine on learning and memory].
The behavioral effects of heptyl physostigmine, a new cholinesterase inhibitor, in tests of long-term and working memory in rodents.
Drug effects on cognitive function in mice determined by the non-matching to sample task using a 4-arm maze.
[Effects of scopolamine upon delayed radial-arm maze performance in rats].
[Scopolamine poisoning as a cause of acute paranoid hallucinatory psychoses].
Interactions between scopolamine and muscarinic cholinergic agonists or cholinesterase inhibitors on spatial alternation performance in rats.
Relationship of the behavioral effects of aprophen, atropine and scopolamine to antagonism of the behavioral effects of physostigmine.
Cholinergic blockade in prefrontal cortex and hippocampus disrupts short-term memory in rats.
Factors regulating tropane-alkaloid production in a transformed root culture of a Datura candida × D. aurea hybrid.
Effects of azaprophen, scopolamine and trihexyphenidyl on schedule-controlled behavior, before and after chronic physostigmine.
Reinforced alternation performance is impaired by muscarinic but not by nicotinic receptor blockade in rats.
Modelling working and reference memory in rats: effects of scopolamine on delayed matching-to-position(1,2).
Assessment of working memory in rats using spatial alternation behavior with variable retention intervals: effects of fixed-ratio size and scopolamine.
Toxicological evaluation of jimson weed (Datura stramonium) seed.
Scopolamine and methylscopolamine differentially affect fixed-consecutive-number performance of male and female Wistar rats.
Idebenone improves learning and memory impairment induced by cholinergic or serotonergic dysfunction in rats.
Decrease in the number of muscarinic receptors in rat pancreas after chronic alcohol intake.
In vitro release profiles of clonidine transdermal therapeutic systems and scopolamine transdermal patches.
Further characterization of the neurofunctional effects of the calcium ionophore A23187.
Physostigmine-insensitive behavioral excitatory effects of atropine in squirrel monkeys.
Time-related facilitation and suppression of drinking by muscarinic anticholinergic drugs in water non-deprived rats.
Effects of bombesin and gastrin-releasing peptide on memory processing.
Discriminative stimulus properties of physostigmine in rats.
Muscarinic antagonist enhances one-trial food-aversion learning in the mollusc Pleurobranchaea.
Validation of a radial maze test for assessing learning and memory in rats.
Nicotine impairs acquisition of radial maze performance in rats.
Cholinergic-dopaminergic interactions in radial-arm maze performance.
Effects of scopolamine on repeated acquisition of radial-arm maze performance by rats.
A new method for studying working memory by using the three-panel runway apparatus in rats.
Effects of selection delays on radial maze performance: acquisition and effects of scopolamine.
Microwave--drug interactions in the cholinergic nervous system of the mouse.
Potential interactions between GABAb and cholinergic systems: baclofen augments scopolamine-induced performance deficits in the eight-arm radial maze.
Pharmacological characterization of the physostigmine stimulus in rats.
Characterization of the scopolamine stimulus in rats.
Bidirectional nature of benzodiazepine receptor ligands extends to effects on vigilance.
Comparison of in vitro actions with behavioral effects of antimuscarinic agents.
Transcallosal evoked potentials in relation to behavior in the rat: effects of atropine, p-chlorophenylalanine, reserpine, scopolamine and trifluoperazine.
Studies on desglycinamide arginine vasopressin and scopolamine in a modified/lever-touch autoshaping model of learning/memory in rats.
Effects of extract from Rhapontcum carthamoides (Willd) Iljin (Leuzea) on learning and memory in rats.
Discriminative stimulus properties of muscarinic agonists.
[Effect of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) and its analog DN-1417 on scopolamine-induced impairment of short-term memory in rats].
Motor activity changes and conditioned taste aversions induced by administration of scopolamine in rats: role of the area postrema.
Effects of muscarinic receptor antagonism upon two forms of stress-induced analgesia.
A system for assessing toxicity of chemicals by continuous monitoring of homecage behaviors.
Apomorphine anorexia: a further pharmacological characterization.
Chronic exercise produces tolerance to muscarinic antagonists in rats.
Scopolamine effects on Hamilton search task performance in monkeys.
Effects of altered cholinergic function on working and reference memory in the rat.
Specific disruption of spatial behaviour in rats by central muscarinic receptor blockade.
Contrasting baseline-dependent effects of amphetamine, chlorpromazine and scopolamine on response switching in the pigeon.
[Effect of idebenone on scopolamine-induced impairment of short-term memory in rats].
Learning and memory deficits after lesions of the nucleus basalis magnocellularis: reversal by physostigmine.
Effects of LY150720 (picenadol), a novel mixed-action opioid, on schedule-controlled responding in the squirrel monkey.
Differential effects of scopolamine on working and reference memory of rats in the radial maze.
Prolonged behavioral effects of early postnatal lead exposure in rhesus monkeys: fixed-interval responding and interactions with scopolamine and pentobarbital.
The effects of amphetamine and scopolamine on adjunctive drinking and wheel-running in rats.
Effects of anticholinergic drugs on DRL performance of rhesus monkeys.
Effects of tricyclic antidepressant and anticholinergic drugs on fixed-interval responding in the squirrel monkey.
Drug effects on discrimination performance at two levels of stimulus control.
Changes in schedule-controlled response and schedule-induced drinking after cholinergic blockers in rats.
Effects of scopolamine on radial maze performance in rats.
Effects of scopolamine, pentobarbital, and amphetamine on radial arm maze performance in the rat.
Stimulus properties of antidepressants in the rat.
[Role of the cholinergic and monoaminergic systems of the brain in dissociated learning].
Effects of physostigmine, atropine and scopolamine on behavior maintained by a multiple schedule of food presentation in the mouse.
Rapid substitution procedure for intravenous drug self-administration studies in rhesus monkeys.
Pentobarbital, promazine, d-amphetamine, and scopolamine effects on behavior under multiple and primed schedules of reinforcement.
The effects of d-amphetamine and scopolamine on drinking induced by a multiple schedule.
The effects of scopolamine on extinction and spontaneous recovery.
The effects of scopolamine on the temporal control of behavior.
Effects of anticholinergic and cholinesterase blocking drugs on appetitive behavior under different deprivation conditions.
Scopolamine and adjunctive drinking in rats.
Scopolamine: effects on fear or defense responses in the rat.
Frontal-striatal control of behavioral inhibition in the rat.
Comparing the effects of scopolamine on operant and aggressive responses in squirrel monkeys.
Separating the effects of response rate and reinforcement frequency in the rate-dependent effects of amphetamine and scopolamine on the schedule-controlled performance of rats and pigeons.
Cholinergic and dopaminergic blocking agents modulate water intake elicited by deprivation, hypovolemia, hypertomicity and isoproterenol.
[Effect of fentonio on the basal gastric secretion and on the secretion induced by histalog and food in patients with duodenal ulcer. Comparison with hyoscin butyl-bromide effect].
Asthmador: a legal hallucinogen.
The effects of cholinolytic drugs and cholinesterase blockade on deprivation based activity and appetitive behavior.
Effects of intrastriatal injections of scopolamine on appetitive behavior.
Conditioning of food aversions by injections of psychoactive drugs.
Comparative effects of amphetamine, scopolamine, chlordiazepoxide, and diphenylhydantoin on operant and extinction behavior with brain stimulation and food reward.
Indomethacin-induced intestinal lesions in the rat.
Generalization by rats of alcohol and atropine stimulus characteristics to other drugs.
[The action of scopolamine and aminazine on the electrical activity of the hypothalamus, cortex and the reticular formation of the midbrain in rabbits with a stimulated conditioned food reflex].
NOCTURNAL ENURESIS, A TREATMENT REGIMEN FOR GENERAL USE.
Anticholinergic drugs and the central control of thirst.

Other Information

(IUPAC):	Atomic Weights of the Elements 2011 (pdf)
Videos:	The Periodic Table of Videos
tgsc:	Atomic Weights use for this web site
(IUPAC):	Periodic Table of the Elements
CHEBI:	View
CHEMBL:	View
KEGG (GenomeNet):	C01851
HMDB (The Human Metabolome Database):	HMDB03573
FooDB:	FDB023199
MedlinePlusSupp:	View
VCF-Online:	VCF Volatile Compounds in Food
ChemSpider:	View
Wikipedia:	View
Formulations/Preparations: •ophthalmic: solution: 0.25% isopto hyoscine (with benzalkonium chloride; viscous) (alcon). •parenteral: injection: 0.4 mgml scopolamine hydrobromide injection (with parabens), (abraxis). scopolamine hydrobromide •oral: tablets, soluble: 0.4 mg scopace, (hope). scopolamine hydrobromide •topical: transdermal system: approximately 1 mg72 hours (1.5 mg2.5 sq cm) transderm scop, (novartis).

Suppliers

Alfa Biotechnology	BOC Sciences
Glentham Life Sciences	Sigma-Aldrich

PhysChem Properties

Material listed in food chemical codex	No
Molecular weight	303.35818481445
Vapor Pressure	7.18 mmHg @ 25 °C
Flash Point TCC Value	232.2 °C TCC
logP (o/w)	0.98
Solubility
water, 1.00E+05 mg/L @ 25 °C (exp)	Yes
water, 1.74e+004 mg/L @ 25 °C (est)	Yes

Safety Information

Safety information


Hazards identification

Classification of the substance or mixture
GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS)
None found.
GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements

Pictogram

Hazard statement(s)
None found.
Precautionary statement(s)
None found.
Oral/Parenteral Toxicity:
intramuscular-human TDLo 4 ug/kg SENSE ORGANS AND SPECIAL SENSES: MYDRIASIS (PUPILLARY DILATION): EYE BEHAVIORAL: "HALLUCINATIONS, DISTORTED PERCEPTIONS" "Possible Long-Term Health Effects of Short-Term Exposure to Chemical Agents," National Research Council, 3 vols., Washington, DC, National Academy Press, 1982-85Vol. 1, Pg. L1, 1982. intramuscular-man TDLo 24 ug/kg BEHAVIORAL: "HALLUCINATIONS, DISTORTED PERCEPTIONS" Federation Proceedings, Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology. Vol. 32, Pg. 250, 1973. intraperitoneal-mouse LD50 400 mg/kg BEHAVIORAL: EXCITEMENT BEHAVIORAL: IRRITABILITY SENSE ORGANS AND SPECIAL SENSES: OTHER: EYE Arzneimittel-Forschung. Drug Research. Vol. 21, Pg. 1727, 1971. intravenous-mouse LD50 100 mg/kg Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. Vol. 26, Pg. 1772, 1983. oral-mouse LD50 1275 mg/kg BEHAVIORAL: REGIDITY BEHAVIORAL: TREMOR Archives Internationales de Pharmacodynamie et de Therapie. Vol. 134, Pg. 255, 1961. intravenous-rabbit LDLo 50 mg/kg "Abdernalden's Handbuch der Biologischen Arbeitsmethoden." Vol. 4, Pg. 1289, 1935. oral-rat LD50 2650 mg/kg Farm Chemicals Handbook. Vol. -, Pg. C272, 1991.
Dermal Toxicity:
subcutaneous-human TDLo 2 ug/kg BEHAVIORAL: EXCITEMENT BRAIN AND COVERINGS: CHANGES IN SURFACE EEG BEHAVIORAL: "HALLUCINATIONS, DISTORTED PERCEPTIONS" Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. Vol. 137, Pg. 133, 1962. subcutaneous-man TDLo 14 ug/kg BEHAVIORAL: ATAXIA BEHAVIORAL: "HALLUCINATIONS, DISTORTED PERCEPTIONS" American Journal of Psychiatry. Vol. 141, Pg. 1010, 1984. subcutaneous-mouse LD50 1700 mg/kg Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. Vol. 56, Pg. 85, 1936. subcutaneous-rabbit LDLo 75 mg/kg "Abdernalden's Handbuch der Biologischen Arbeitsmethoden." Vol. 4, Pg. 1289, 1935.
Inhalation Toxicity:
Not determined

Safety in use information

Category:
toxic natural substances
Recommendation for scopolamine usage levels up to:
	not for fragrance use.

Recommendation for scopolamine flavor usage levels up to:
	not for flavor use.

Safety references

European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) reference(s):

Scientific Opinion on Tropane alkaloids in food and feed
View page or View pdf

Human acute exposure assessment to tropane alkaloids
View page or View pdf

EPI System: View

ClinicalTrials.gov:search

Daily Med:search

AIDS Citations:Search

Cancer Citations:Search

Toxicology Citations:Search

EPA GENetic TOXicology:Search

EPA ACToR:Toxicology Data

EPA Substance Registry Services (SRS):Registry

Laboratory Chemical Safety Summary :2723877

National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases:Data

WGK Germany:3

Chemidplus:0000051343